Karakteristik Arang Serat Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) dari Proses Karbonisasi Pirolisis
Date
2021-09Author
Foreska, Gebrinna
Dede, Hermawan
Syamani, Firda Aulya
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Serat kenaf merupakan serat yang cukup potensial untuk dijadikan sebagai
bahan baku arang aktif melalui proses karbonisasi pirolisis. Proses ini lebih dipilih
karena waktu proses yang digunakan relatif lebih singkat dan efisien dibandingkan
dengan karbonisasi hidrotermal. Namun, ada beberapa hal yang harus dievalusi
untuk menganalisis karakteristik arang pirolisis serat kenaf hasil karbonisasi
pirolisis serta menganalisis pengaruh suhu dan waktu dalam proses karbonisasi
pirolisis terhadap sifat arang serat kenaf dan daya jerap polutannya. Proses
karbonisasi pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 175 oC, 200 oC, 225 oC dengan waktu
selama 3, 4, dan 5 jam. Karakteristik yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini antara lain
komponen kimia dan analisis proksimat dari serat kenaf, sedangkan dari arang yang
dihasilkan, dianalisis rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, kadar
karbon terikat, daya jerap iodin, dan daya jerap polutan (amonia, kloroform,
formaldehida, dan benzena). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara suhu
dan waktu karbonisasi pirolisis berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar zat terbang,
karbon terikat, daya jerap amonia dan daya jerap kloroform. Namun, interaksi
antara suhu dan waktu karbonisasi pirolisis tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata
pada daya jerap benzena, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Arang pirolisis terbaik didapatkan pada suhu 200oC selama 5 jam dengan daya jerap iodin sebesar 148,19
mg/g Kenaf fiber is a fiber that has potential to be used as raw material for
activated charcoal through the pyrolysis carbonization process. This process is
preferred because the processing time used is relatively shorter and more efficient
than hydrothermal carbonization. However, there are several things that must be
evaluated to analyze the characteristics of the pyrolysis charcoal of kenaf fiber asa
result of pyrolysis carbonization and to analyze the effect of temperature and time
in the pyrolysis carbonization process on the characteristics of the kenaf fiber
charcoal and its pollutant adsorption capacity. The pyrolysis carbonization process
was carried out at temperatures of 175 oC, 200 oC, 225 oC for 3, 4, and 5 hours. The
characteristics analyzed in this study included chemical components and proximate
analysis of kenaf fiber, while the resulting charcoal was analyzed for yield, moisture
content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content, iodine
adsorption capacity, and pollutant adsorption capacity (ammonia, chloroform,
formaldehyde, and benzene). The results showed that the interaction between
temperature and time of pyrolysis carbonization had a significant effect on volatile
matter, bound carbon, ammonia adsorption capacity and chloroform adsorption
capacity. However, the interaction between temperature and time of pyrolysis
carbonization did not have a significant effect on the adsorption capacity of
benzene, moisture content, and ash content. The best pyrolysis charcoal was
obtained at 200oC for 5 hours with an iodine adsorption capacity of 148.19 mg/g
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