Systematic Review: Teknik, Produktivitas, dan Biaya Pemanenan Hutan di Indonesia

Abstract

Pasokan kayu selama ini berasal dari hasil pemanenan hutan alam dan hutan tanaman. Penelitian mengenai pemanenan kayu sudah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia dengan variasi hasil yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghimpun hasil penelitian mengenai teknik, produktivitas, dan biaya pemanenan hutan di Indonesia. Data sekunder dihimpun menggunakan metode Systematic Review kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian secara online terhimpun 51 artikel penelitian mengenai pemanenan kayu di Indonesia yang kemudian dikelompokan menjadi tiga tipe hutan yaitu, hutan tanaman lahan basah, hutan tanaman lahan kering, dan hutan alam. Hutan tanaman lahan kering merupakan jenis hutan yang paling banyak diteliti. Kegiatan pemanenan dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan antara lain penebangan, penyaradan, muat bongkar, dan pengangkutan. Kegiatan yang paling banyak diteliti adalah penyaradan. Produktivitas pemanenan dipengaruhi oleh peralatan pemanenan, kondisi lapang, teknik pemanenan, keterampilan pekerja, beban kerja, dan cuaca. Besarnya biaya pemanenan di pengaruhi oleh produktivitas, biaya pemilikan, biaya operasional, dan upah pekerja.

The supply of wood so far has come from harvesting natural forests and plantation forests. Many studies on timber harvesting have been carried out in Indonesia with varying results. This study aims to compile research results on techniques, productivity, and costs of forest harvesting in Indonesia. Secondary data was collected using the Systematic Review method and then analyzed using descriptive analysis. Based on the results of an online search, 51 research articles on timber harvesting in Indonesia were collected which were then grouped into three types of forest, namely, wetland plantation forest, dry land plantation forest, and natural forest. Dryland plantation forest is the most studied forest type. Harvesting activities are divided into several stages, including logging, skidding, loading and unloading, and transportation. The most researched activity is skidding. Harvesting productivity is influenced by harvesting equipment, field conditions, harvesting techniques, worker skills, workload, and weather. The amount of harvesting costs is influenced by productivity, ownership costs, operational costs, and worker wages.