Bentuk Simplisia Nabati dan Produk Obat Tradisional yang Diperdagangkan di Kabupaten Boyolali, Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Kabupaten Boyolali merupakan salah satu pusat perkembangan pengobatan tradisional di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk simplisia nabati spesies tumbuhan obat, produk obat tradisional, harga jual dan asal simplisia, potensi pengelolaan lestari dan status konservasi tumbuhan obat. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan penentuan responden secara sensus untuk pedagang dan accidental sampling untuk pembeli simplisia nabati dan produk obat tradisional. Penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 13 bentuk simplisia nabati berasal dari 105 spesies dan 48 famili yang didominasi oleh bentuk simplisia daun (folium). Famili yang paling banyak diperdagangkan yaitu Famili Zingiberaceae, sedangkan habitus didominasi oleh pohon. Simplisia nabati paling banyak digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit saluran pencernaan. Produk obat tradisional yang diperdagangkan sebanyak 79 jenis dari 11 produsen. Harga simplisia nabati yang diperdangkan yaitu Rp10.000,00 – Rp600.000,00. Sebanyak empat speseis yaitu cendana, gaharu, mahoni, dan seprantu termasuk kategori vulnerable berdasarkan IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) serta sebanyak tiga spesies termasuk Appendiks II menurut CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora).

Boyolali is one of the centers for the development of traditional medicine on the island of Java. This study aims to identify the form of vegetable simplicia species of medicinal plants, traditional medicinal products, selling price and origin of simplicia, the potential for sustainable management and conservation status of medicinal plants. The research was conducted through interviews with respondents determined by census for traders and accidental sampling for buyers. The results showed that 13 forms of vegetable simplicia were traded from 105 species and 48 families that dominated by simplicia leaf (folium). The most traded family is Zingiberaceae family while life form dominated by trees. Most vegetable simplicia used to treat digestive tract diseases. There are 79 types of traditional medicinal products traded from 11 producers. The price of vegetable simplicia that is traded from Rp10.000,00 – Rp600,000.00. A total of four species (cendana, gaharu, mahoni, and seprantu) are included in the vulnerable category based on the IUCN and three species are included in Appendix II according to CITES.