Komunitas Nyamuk pada Penangkaran Satwa Primata (Tarsius sp.) dan Potensi Zoonosis Berbasis Mosquito-Borne Disease

Abstract

Monitoring dan surveilans ektoparasit khususnya nyamuk pada penangkaran satwa primata menjadi penting dalam upaya konservasi. Nyamuk merupakan salah satu ektoparasit yang berperan sebagai vektor berbagai macam jenis penyakit zoonosis seperti Dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, filariasis dan lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ragam spesies nyamuk dan fluktuasinya serta potensi nyamuk sebagai vektor virus Dengue (DENV) di sekitar kandang tarsius yang ada di laboratorium hewan konservasi PSSP IPB. Koleksi nyamuk dilakukan dari bulan Februari-April 2020 menggunakan light trap dan sweep net setiap dua jam dari pukul 18.00-06.00 WIB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 jenis nyamuk yang tertangkap di sekitar kandang tarsius yaitu Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Armigeres subalbatus dan Armigeres foliatus. Spesies nyamuk dominan adalah Armigeres subalbatus (62.11%) dan Aedes albopictus (41.61%). Deteksi keberadaan virus Dengue (DENV) dilakukan dengan menggunakan Reverse Transcriptase Realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- qPCR) terhadap nyamuk Aedes albopictus dan Armigeres subalbatus. Hasil deteksi Aedes albopictus dan Armigeres subalbatus terhadap keberadaan virus Dengue (DENV) serotipe 1, 2, 3, 4 memberikan hasil negatif. Keberadaan jenis nyamuk yang berpotensi membawa penyakit yang bersifat zoonotik di sekitar kandang tarsius PSSP IPB menunjukkan adanya potensi penularan penyakit asal nyamuk (Mosquito Borne Disease) baik pada primata tarsius maupun manusia.

In means of conservation, ectoparasites monitoring and surveillance especially mosquitoes in primate captivity become important. Mosquito is one of the ectoparasites which acts as a vector of various types of zoonotic diseases such as Dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, filariasis and others. This study was aimed to determine the diversity of mosquito species, their fluctuations as well as the potential of mosquitoes as a Dengue virus (DENV) vector around the tarsier captivity in the animal conservation laboratory PSSP IPB. Mosquitoes were collected from February to April 2020 using light traps and sweep net every two hours from 06.00 pm to 06.00 am. Detection of the presence of Dengue virus (DENV) is carried out using Reverse Transcriptase Realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) against Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus mosquitoes. The results showed that there were 4 species of mosquitoes caught around the tarsier captivity namely Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Armigeres subalbatus and Armigeres foliatus. The dominant mosquito species are Armigeres subalbatus (62.11%) and Aedes albopictus (41.61%). Detection of Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus for the presence of Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 gave negative results. The presence of mosquitoes that have the potential to carry zoonotic disease around the tarsier captivity in PSSP IPB shows the potential for Mosquito Borne Diseases to both tarsiers and human.