Survei Serangan Ulat Grayak Jagung Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) di Kabupaten Bogor, Sukabumi, Cianjur, dan Tangerang.

Abstract

Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas penting setelah beras sebagai sumber karbohidrat dan pakan ternak. Kendala dalam budidaya tanaman jagung salah satunya diakibatkan oleh serangan hama. Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada pertanaman jagung. Sejak tahun 2019 serangga ini adalah spesies invasif di pertanaman jagung Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persebaran hama Spodoptera frugiperda di Kabupaten Bogor, Sukabumi, Cianjur, dan Tangerang. Survei dilakukan di beberapa lokasi pertanaman jagung dengan jumlah yang berbeda di setiap kabupatennya. Survei meliputi pengamatan dan wawancara kepada petani jagung secara langsung. Beberapa larva dari tanaman yang terserang diambil dan diamati sampai fase pupa untuk mengetahui keberadaan patogen atau parasitoid yang berpotensi sebagai musuh alami di lapang. Serangan hama S. frugiperda terjadi pada tanaman jagung di beberapa lokasi di Kabupaten Bogor yang meyerang tanaman jagung, seperti Desa Cibeber dengan luas serangan mencapai 14.5% dan 17.3% di Desa Cisalada. Luas serangan di Desa Cimapak, Kabupaten Sukabumi 16.6% dan 14.3% di Desa Mekarsari, Kabupaten Tangerang. Serangan S. frugiperda tidak dilaporkan terjadi di Kabupaten Cianjur. Tanaman jagung yang diserang adalah pada bagian titik tumbuh (pucuk tanaman), bunga jagung, daun jagung, dan juga menyerang tongkol jagung. Ditemukan beberapa patogen yang belum diidentifikasi yang berasosiasi dengan S. frugiperda yang dipelihara. Kata kunci: Hama baru, persebaran hama, survei, tanaman jagung.

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the important commodities after rice as a source of carbohydrate and animal feed. The one of obstacles in the corn cultivation is insect pests. One of the importants insect pests of corn is fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The insect is invasive species on corn plantations in Indonesia since 2019. The aim of this research was to determine distribution of fall armyworm in corn plantation at area of Bogor, Sukabumi, Cianjur, and Tangerang. Survey was conducted in several locations of the corn plantations with different number of location site for each area. The survey includes direct observations of the insect damage and interviews with several corn farmers. Some larvae from the infested plants were collected and it was reared until pupa stage to determine presence of its natural enemies including pathogens or parasitoids that have a potential as natural enemies in the field. The survey result showed that demage of fall armyworm occurred in several corn field locations at Bogor Regency, such as in Cibeber Village with attack area of 14.5% and 17.3% in Cisalada Village; 14.7% of corn field in Cimapak Village, Sukabumi Regency, and 14.3% in Mekarsari Village, Tangerang Regency are reported damaged by this insect. However, there were no evidence that fall armyworm demage occurred at Cianjur Regency during the survey. The part of corn plants that were attacked by fall armyworm were at the growing point (palan shoots), corn flowers, corn leaves, and also attacked the corn cobs. There were unidentified natural enemies associated with the reared insects. Keywords: Corn plantation, new pest, pest attack, pest distribution, survey.