Bioaktivitas Ekstrak N-Heksana Akar Anakan Kayu Putih Sebagai Pemikat Rayap Tanah Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)

Abstract

Serangan rayap tanah (subterranean termite) terhadap anakan kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) terjadi secara masif di cukup banyak Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Perum Perhutani di Pulau Jawa. Diduga terjadinya serangan tersebut berkaitan dengan komponen kimia pada akar anakan kayu putih. Suatu penelitian laboratoris telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas ekstrak akar anakan kayu putih sebagai pemikat (attractant) bagi rayap tanah Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Proses ekstraksi mengacu pada ASTM D1108-96 dan karakterisasi ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan alat GC-MS. Pengujian bioaktivitas ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode attractiveness bioassay dan no choice feeding bioassay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata rendemen ekstraksi akar anakan kayu putih adalah 4,94%. Atraktivitas larutan ekstrak pada konsentrasi 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1% masing-masing mencapai 45,33%, 62%, dan 74,67%. Mortalitas rayap C. curvignathus berkisar antara 9,63%-24.44%. Lethal concentration-50 (LC50) ekstrak akar anakan kayu putih adalah 2,45% (non toksik). Hasil analisis GCMS menujukan bahwa ekstrak mengandung asam linoleat yang berpotensi sebagai bahan pemikat serangga.

Subterranean termite attacks on cajuput seedling (Melaleuca cajuputi) occured massively in quite a number of Perum Perhutani Forest Management Units (KPH) in Java Island. It is possibly due to the chemical components of the root of the cajuput seedling. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the bioactivity of cajuput root extract as an attractant for the subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Extraction process refers to ASTM D1108-96 and extract characterization was carried out using GC-MS. The bioactivity test of the extract was carried out using the attractiveness and no choice feeding bioassay methods. The results showed that the average yield of the extract was 4,94%. The attractiveness of the extract solution at concentrations of 0,5%, 0,75%, and 1% on C. curvignathus reached 45,33%, 62%, and 74,67%, respectively. Meanwhile the mortality of C. curvignathus ranged from 9.63%-24.44%. The lethal concentration-50 (LC50) was 2.45% (non-toxic). GCMS analysis revealed that the extract contained linoleic acid, which has been reported as a feeding stimulant.