Bioaktivitas Ekstrak N-Heksana Akar Anakan Kayu Putih Sebagai Pemikat Rayap Tanah Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)
Abstract
Serangan rayap tanah (subterranean termite) terhadap anakan kayu putih
(Melaleuca cajuputi) terjadi secara masif di cukup banyak Kesatuan Pemangkuan
Hutan (KPH) Perum Perhutani di Pulau Jawa. Diduga terjadinya serangan tersebut
berkaitan dengan komponen kimia pada akar anakan kayu putih. Suatu penelitian
laboratoris telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas ekstrak akar anakan kayu
putih sebagai pemikat (attractant) bagi rayap tanah Coptotermes curvignathus
Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Proses ekstraksi mengacu pada ASTM
D1108-96 dan karakterisasi ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan alat GC-MS.
Pengujian bioaktivitas ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode attractiveness
bioassay dan no choice feeding bioassay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata
rendemen ekstraksi akar anakan kayu putih adalah 4,94%. Atraktivitas larutan
ekstrak pada konsentrasi 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1% masing-masing mencapai 45,33%,
62%, dan 74,67%. Mortalitas rayap C. curvignathus berkisar antara 9,63%-24.44%.
Lethal concentration-50 (LC50) ekstrak akar anakan kayu putih adalah 2,45% (non
toksik). Hasil analisis GCMS menujukan bahwa ekstrak mengandung asam linoleat
yang berpotensi sebagai bahan pemikat serangga. Subterranean termite attacks on cajuput seedling (Melaleuca cajuputi)
occured massively in quite a number of Perum Perhutani Forest Management Units
(KPH) in Java Island. It is possibly due to the chemical components of the root of
the cajuput seedling. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the bioactivity
of cajuput root extract as an attractant for the subterranean termite Coptotermes
curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Extraction process refers to
ASTM D1108-96 and extract characterization was carried out using GC-MS. The
bioactivity test of the extract was carried out using the attractiveness and no choice
feeding bioassay methods. The results showed that the average yield of the extract
was 4,94%. The attractiveness of the extract solution at concentrations of 0,5%,
0,75%, and 1% on C. curvignathus reached 45,33%, 62%, and 74,67%, respectively.
Meanwhile the mortality of C. curvignathus ranged from 9.63%-24.44%. The lethal
concentration-50 (LC50) was 2.45% (non-toxic). GCMS analysis revealed that the
extract contained linoleic acid, which has been reported as a feeding stimulant.
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