Karakteristik Habitat, Sebaran dan Populasi Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) di Desa Bulu Mario, Tapanuli Selatan

Abstract

Populasi siamang di hutan sekitar Desa Bulu Mario perlu mendapatkan perhatian meskipun berada di luar kawasan konservasi. Analisis karakteristik habitat, sebaran, dan populasi siamang diperlukan sebagai referensi dalam upaya konservasinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada April hingga Juni 2021 di Desa Bulu Mario, Tapanuli Selatan dengan metode survei, analisis vegetasi, dan concentration count. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, siamang tersebar pada ketinggian 683 – 1.123 m dpl pada tutupan lahan hutan dan kebun campur dengan dominasi kelerengan 70,02%. Siamang memanfaatkan seluruh ruang tajuk pohon dan berasosiasi dengan berbagai mamalia arboreal lain. Hayu ndolok (Syzygium sp.) merupakan jenis pohon dengan kelimpahan tertinggi di hutan, sedangkan karet (Hevea brasiliensis) merupakan jenis pohon dengan kelimpahan tertinggi di kebun campur. Siamang lebih banyak memakan bagian buah dari 51 jenis tumbuhan yang didominasi oleh famili Euphorbiaceae dan berhabitus pohon. Populasi siamang di lokasi tersebut berukuran 44 individu dari 15 kelompok dengan kepadatan 2,88 individu/km2, serta rasio jantan dan betina dewasa yaitu 14:12. Kelas umur dewasa dan anak merupakan yang mendominasi pada piramida struktur umur sehingga keberlanjutan populasinya masih dikatakan baik.

Siamang population in the forest around Bulu Mario Village needs attention even though it is outside the conservation area. Analysis of the habitat characteristics, distribution, and population of siamang is needed as a reference in conservation efforts. This research was conducted from April to June 2021 in Bulu Mario Village, South Tapanuli with survey methods, vegetation analysis, and concentration count. Based on the results of the study, siamang are distributed at an altitude of 683 – 1,123 m above sea level in forest land cover and mixed plantations with a dominant slope of 70.02%. Siamang use the entire canopy space and associated with a variety of other arboreal mammals. Hayu ndolok (Syzygium sp.) is the tree species with the highest abundance in the forest, while rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is the tree species with the highest abundance in mixed gardens. Siamang eats more of the fruit of 51 plant species which are dominated by the Euphorbiaceae family and tree habitus. The population of siamang at that location is 44 individuals from 15 groups with a density of 2.88 individuals/km2, and the ratio of adult males and females was 14:12. The age class of adults and children is the one that dominates the age structure pyramid so that the sustainability of the population is still said to be good.