Serangan Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Pertanaman Jagung di Pulau Morotai, Maluku Utara

Abstract

Ulat gerayak jagung Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan hama invasif yang berasal dari Benua Amerika. Pada tahun 2019, S. frugiperda dilaporkan telah menyerang pertanaman jagung di Indonesia tepatnya di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, Sumatra Barat dengan tingkat serangan berat. Persebaran hama ini semakin meluas ke berbagai wilayah di Indonesia termasuk ke wilayah Pulau Morotai, Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jalur masuk, luas serangan, dan intensitas serangan S. frugiperda pada pertanaman jagung di Pulau Morotai, Maluku Utara serta merekomendasikan tindakan pengendalian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2020. Pengamatan dilaksanakan di dua lokasi yaitu di pertanaman jagung konvensional Desa Sambiki Baru dan di pertanaman jagung organik Desa Dehegila. Pengamatan luas dan intensitas serangan dilakukan setiap minggu pada umur tanaman 2 MST hingga 9 MST. Ulat gerayak jagung S. frugiperda terbawa tongkol jagung masuk ke Pulau Morotai melalui kapal dari Halmahera Utara. Luas serangan pada tanaman jagung konvensional tertinggi sebesar 78,14%, sedangkan pada jagung organik tertinggi sebesar 40,98%. Intensitas serangan pada tanaman jagung konvensional tertinggi sebesar 48,98%, sedangkan pada jagung organik tertinggi sebesar 31,6%. Tindakan pengendalian yang baik dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan insektisida yang tepat sasaran dengan kombinasi strategi pengendalian lainnya.

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest native to the Americas. In 2019, S. frugiperda was reported to have attacked maize crops in Indonesia, precisely in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra with a heavy attack rate. The spread of this pest is increasingly widespread in various regions in Indonesia, including the Morotai Island region, North Moluccas. This study aims to provide information about port of entry, attack area, and intensity of S. frugiperda in maize on Morotai Island, North Moluccas and recommends pest management. The research was conducted from August to December 2020. The observations were carried out in two locations, namely in the conventional corn plantation in Sambiki Baru Village and in the organic maize plantation in Dehegila Village. Observation of the area of attack and intensity carried out every week starting when the maize plants were 2 WAP to 9 WAP. Fall armyworm S. frugiperda was carried with the corn cobs into Morotai Island via boat from North Halmahera. The highest attack area on conventional maize was 78,14%, while the highest for organic corn was 40,98%. The highest attack intensity on conventional maize was 48,98%, while the highest was 31,6% for organic corn. Pest management can be taken with targeted insecticides in combination with other control measures.