Analisis Sifat Tanah pada Sistem Agroforestri menggunakan Metode Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS)
Date
2021Author
Aji, Bima Dwi Siswanto
Wijayanto, Nurheni
Wasis, Basuki
Metadata
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Kegiatan konversi lahan hutan merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya hilangnya tutupan hutan tropis atau deforestasi di Indonesia. Hal tersebut tentunya dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya degradasi lingkungan. Agroforestri adalah bentuk pengelolaan optimalisasi lahan dengan kombinasi antara tanaman keras (kehutanan) dan tanaman musiman (pertanian) yang dapat juga dikombinasikan dengan peternakan. Penerapan agroforestri tidak hanya bermanfaat dalam aspek ekonomi, namun memberi manfaat juga dalam aspek ekologi, yaitu termasuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan di daerah Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Jenis tanah di daerah ini adalah tanah andosol. Metode VESS diterapkan pada penelitian ini untuk mengukur kualitas struktur tanah. Metode analisis tanah konvensional juga digunakan untuk mengukur bobot isi tanah, porositas tanah, permeabilitas tanah, dan C-organik tanah. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada tujuh jenis penggunaan lahan antara lain agroforestri kompleks, agroforestri sederhana, hutan alam, kebun teh, lahan kopi tanpa naungan, lahan kentang, dan lahan kosong. Selain itu, dilakukan pengambilan data pendukung pada penelitian ini, seperti bobot serasah, komponen vegetasi, dan kerapatan tajuk. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas fisik tanah pada berbagai jenis penggunaan lahan, termasuk lahan agroforestri dan mengevaluasi efisiensi metode VESS dalam menentukan kualitas fisik suatu tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas fisik tanah pada tiap jenis lahan berbeda. Nilai VESS berkisar antara Sq 1,3 – 4,33. Nilai VESS hutan alam dan agroforestri kompleks tergolong ke dalam kualitas tanah baik. Agroforestri sederhana, kebun teh, lahan kopi tanpa naungan, dan lahan kentang memiliki nilai VESS sedang. Lahan kosong memiliki nilai VESS yang tergolong buruk sehingga direkomendasikan untuk perbaikan tanah jangka pendek. Perbedaan nilai VESS dipengaruhi oleh vegetasi, kerapatan tajuk, ketersediaan serasah, serta pengelolaan tanah pada lahan tertentu, seperti pemupukan. Hal tersebut juga berpengaruh terhadap sifat tanah seperti bobot isi tanah, porositas tanah, permeabilitas tanah, dan C-organik tanah. Kualitas fisik tanah lahan agroforestri (kompleks dan sederhana) tidak jauh berbeda dengan hutan alam. Nilai VESS memiliki korelasi yang baik terhadap parameter sifat tanah. Hal tersebut menunjukkan metode VESS efisien untuk mengevaluasi kualitas fisik tanah pada penelitian ini. Selain itu, metode VESS juga mudah untuk dipahami, dan hanya membutuhkan peralatan yang sedikit. Kata kunci: agroforestri, degradasi, korelasi, kualitas fisik tanah, VESS Forest conversion are one of the causes of decreasing tropical forest cover or deforestation in Indonesia. It can lead to environmental degradation. Agroforestry is a land optimization management with a combination of perennials (forestry) and seasonal crops (agriculture) which can be also combined with livestock. Agroforestry systems is not only beneficial in the economic aspect, but also provides benefits in the ecological aspect, which includes improving soil quality. Soil sampling was carried out in Pangalengan, Bandung, West Java. The type of soil in this area is andosol. VESS method is applied to measure the quality of soil structure. Conventional soil analysis methods are also used to measure soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil permeability, and soil organic carbon. Soil sampling was carried out on seven types of land use, including complex agroforestry, simple agroforestry, natural forests, tea plantations, coffee plantations, potato fields, and abandoned land. In addition, supporting data for this study were collected, such as litter weight, vegetation components, and crown density. This study aims to determine the physical quality of soil in various types of land use, including agroforestry and evaluate the efficiency of the VESS in determining the physical quality of soil. The results showed that the physical quality of the soil was different for each type of land. The VESS score ranges from Sq 1,3 – 4,33. The VESS score in natural forest and complex agroforestry were classified as good soil quality. Simple agroforestry, tea plantations, coffee plantations, and potato fields had moderate VESS scores. Abandoned land had bad VESS score, so it is recommended for short term soil improvement. The difference in VESS scores is influenced by vegetation, canopy density, litter availability, and soil management in certain areas, such as fertilization. This also affects soil properties such as soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil permeability, and soil organic carbon. The physical quality of agroforestry areas (complex and simple) is not much different from natural forest. The VESS score has a good correlation with soil property parameters. It shows that the VESS method is efficient to evaluate the physical quality of the soil in this study. Besides that, the VESS method is also quite easy to understand, and only requires a small amount of equipment. Keywords: agroforestry, correlation, degradation, soil physical quality, VESS method.
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- MT - Forestry [1373]