Insidensi Penyakit Daun Keriting Kuning Cabai di Bengkulu dan Penularannya Melalui Biji

Abstract

Penyakit daun keriting kuning merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada cabai di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) yang tergolong dalam genus Begomovirus dari famili Geminiviridae. Penularan dan penyebaran PYLCV di lapangan terjadi melalui vektor serangga kutukebul Bemisia tabaci. Potensi penularan benih PYLCV telah pernah dibahas. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui insidensi penyakit keriting kuning pada cabai di Kabupaten Kepahiang, Provinsi Bengkulu dan untuk memastikan virus tidak terbawa biji cabai. Pengamatan insidensi penyakit dilakukan di Desa Sumber Sari dan Desa Tangsi Duren. Sampel daun dan buah cabai dari lapangan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk penelitian lebih lanjut. Deteksi PYLCV dari sampel daun dilakukan dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan primer universal Begomovirus SPG 1/2 dilanjutkan dengan sekuensing DNA. Biji cabai diekstraksi dari buah yang dikumpulkan dari lapangan, kemudian ditanam di rumah kaca. Pengamatan gejala penyakit dilakukan pada masing-masing tanaman dilanjutkan dengan deteksi PCR untuk memastikan adanya infeksi PYLCV. Insidensi penyakit di lapangan sangat tinggi, berkisar antara 62,69 sampai 100%. Gejala penyakitnya bermacam-macam, dari daun menguning, daun melengkung, hingga kerdil pada seluruh tanaman. Hasil deteksi PCR menunjukkan 8 dari 12 sampel positif terinfeksi Begomovirus. Berdasarkan analisis sekuens, isolat Begomovirus asal Kepahiang memiliki homologi 89,34-98,99% terhadap Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus. Sifat penyebaran penyakit keriting kuning cabai pada benih varietas cabai di Kepahiang perlu dikonfirmasi lebih lanjut.

Yellow leaf curl disease is one of the most important diseases on chili pepper in Indonesia caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV), which belongs to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae. Transmission and distribution of PYLCV in the field occurs through the insect vector, whitefly Bemisia tabaci. The potential for seed transmission of PYLCV has been discussed previously. Research was conducted to determine the incidence of yellow leaf curl disease of chili pepper in Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province and to ensure that the virus is not seed transmitted. Observation of disease incidence was carried out in Sumber Sari and Tangsi Duren villages. Leaf and chili fruit samples from the field were taken to the laboratory for further studies. PYLCV detection from leaf samples was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using Begomovirus SPG1/2 universal primer followed by DNA sequencing. Chili seeds were extracted from fruit collected from the field, then grown in a greenhouse. Observation of disease symptoms was carried out on each plant followed by PCR detection to confirm PYLCV infection. Disease incidence in the field was very high, ranging from 62.69 to 100%. Disease symptoms varies, from leaf yellowing, leaf curling, to stunting of the whole plant. The result of PCR detection showed that 8 out of 12 samples were positively infected with Begomovirus. Based on sequence analysis, the Begomovirus isolates from Kepahiang has 89.34 to 98.99% homology to Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus. The seedborne nature of pepper yellow leaf curl disease on chili pepper varieties in Kepahiang needs further confirmation.