Analisis Reaksi Investor Terhadap Pengumuman Right Issue Pada Emiten Bursa Efek Indonesia Sebelum Dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract

Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak terjadinya fluktuasi terhadap pergerakan harga saham, dan sangat mempengaruhi kondisi ekonomi begitupun reaksi investor terhadap kebijakan right issue yang akan mempengaruhi minat jual beli saham. Studi ini mengamati perkembangan aktivitas pasar di mana investor bereaksi terhadap informasi dengan mempertimbangkan sifat dinamis pasar modal melalui bullish dan bearish sebelum maupun selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi periode bullish dan bearish di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2020, mengidentifikasi pengaruh COVID-19 terhadap aksi right issue, menganalisis perbedaan rata-rata excess return dan likuiditas saham yang diukur dengan bid-ask spread sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman right issue masa sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19, kemudian menganalisis pengaruh right issue pada dividen per share yang akan diterima oleh pemegang saham masa sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19, serta menguji apakah pasar modal Indonesia mengikuti the semi strong efficient market. Penelitian ini menggunakan 50 sampel perusahaan dari tahun 2017-2020, metode penarikan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan menggunakan event study dengan pendekatan market model, uji normalitasnya adalah Kolmogorov–smirnov, uji statistik menggunakan uji beda dua rata (wilcoxon signed rank test dan paired sample t- test), serta identifikasi bullish dan bearish menggunakan analisis candlestick. Secara umum IHSG menunjukkan pola bullish sebagai tren utama dengan persentase (64.58%) dan bearish (35.42%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan excess return yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman rights issue pada periode sebelum COVID-19 namun tidak terdapat perbedaan excess return selama pandemi COVID-19. Sedangkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan likuiditas saham sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman rights issue, baik sebelum maupun selama pandemi COVID-19. Begitupun hasil pengujian dividen terdapat perbedaan DPS sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman right issue sebelum COVID-19 yang ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan jumlah rata-rata DPS sebelum dan sesudah right issue, sementara DPS saat COVID-19 tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan, membuktikan bahwa adanya pengaruh pandemi yang menyebabkan perlambatan ekonomi berdampak terhadap pasar modal, sehingga kegiatan penawaran terbatas yang dilakukan perusahaan dengan menerbitkan right issue menyebabkan jumlah lembar saham yang beredar meningkat namun laba yang diperoleh perusahaan tidak mengalami peningkatan. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa pasar modal Indonesia mengikuti bentuk semi strong dari efisiensi pasar.

The COVID-19 pandemic has the impact of fluctuations on stock price movements, and greatly affects economic conditions as well as investors' reactions to rights issue policies which will affect the interest in buying and selling shares. A study of the development of market activity in which investors react to information taking into account the dynamic nature of the market through bulls and bears before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify the bullish and bearish periods on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2020 period, the influence of the influence of COVID-19 on the rights issue, to analyze the difference in average excess return and stock liquidity as measured by the bid-ask spread before and after the announcement of rights. the issue of the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, then analyze the effect of the right issue on dividends per share that will be received by shareholders before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether the Indonesian capital market follows a semi-strong efficient market. This study uses 50 sample companies from 2017-2020, the sampling method uses purposive sampling and uses an event study with a market model approach, the normality test is Kolmogorov–smirnov, statistical tests use the two average difference test (Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired sample t - test), as well as bullish and bearish indications using candlestick analysis. In general, JCI shows a bullish pattern as the main trend with proportions (64.58%) and bearish (35.42%). The results showed that there was a significant difference in returns before and after the announcement of the rights issue in the period before COVID-19 but there was no difference in returns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the results showed that there was no food that had stock liquidity before and after the announcement of rights, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, the results of dividend testing showed a difference in DPS before and after the announcement of the right issue before COVID-19 which was shown by the difference in the average number of DPS before and after the right issue, while the DPS during COVID-19 did not have a significant difference, proving that the effect of the pandemic was causing an economic slowdown that had an impact on the capital market, so that limited offering activities were carried out by issuing rights issues which caused the number of shares to increase but the profits earned by the company did not increase. The empirical results show that the Indonesian capital market follows a semi-strong form of market efficiency.