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      Kajian Potensi Cendawan Entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae sebagai Biopestisida untuk Pengendalian Hama Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

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      Date
      2020
      Author
      Hanum, Yuli Latifah
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      Abstract
      Kerusakan pada pertanaman jagung akibat serangan UGF (ulat grayak frugiperda) atau S. frugiperda dapat menurunkan produksi jagung hingga 20%. Pengendalian hama pada jagung biasanya dilakukan dengan aplikasi insektisida kimiawi. Namun penggunaan insektisida kimiawi memiliki dampak negatif, maka perlu dicari alternatif pengendalian berupa pemanfaatan agens hayati seperti cendawan entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi cendawan entomopatogen M. anisopliae sebagai agens pengendali hayati terhadap UGF. Pengujian di laboratorium dilakukan dengan tahapan perbanyakan serangga hama, perbanyakan isolat cendawan M. anisopliae, uji pendahuluan terhadap larva instar 4, lalu pengamatan mortalitas larva. Data tambahan diperoleh dari studi literatur untuk perbandingan dan pembahasan. Hasil uji pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa M. anisopliae efektif untuk mengendalikan UGF yang ditunjukkan oleh mortalitas larva instar keempat yang mulai terjadi pada hari kelima setelah aplikasi. Larva UGF yang mati tertutup hifa berwarna hijau tua pada hari kesebelas. Fase larva yang masih muda lebih efektif terinfeksi oleh cendawan M. anisopliae. Kerapatan konidia 1 x 108 konidia/ml dinilai baik untuk mengendalikan S. frugiperda. Isolat yang berasal dari tanah memiliki tingkat infeksi yang lebih tinggi daripada isolat yang diambil dari habitat lain. Cendawan M. anisopliae mempunyai potensi yang tinggi sebagai salah satu biopestisida untuk mengendalikan S. frugiperda.
       
      Damage to maize crops due to attack by fall armyworms (FAW) or Spodoptera frugiperda can reduce maize production up to 20%. Pest management in corn is usually implemented by applying chemical insecticides. However, the use of chemical insecticides has a negative impact, so other alternative methods are needed. Pest management of FAW by using entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is one chosen method. This research aimed to study the potential of the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae as a biological control agent against the corn FAW. In the laboratory, the FAW were mass reared on young cob. Fungal isolates of M. anisopliae was purified using PDA. The 4th instar larvae of S. frugiperda were challenged against the fungal conidia. The additional data obtained from literature studies were used for analysis the effectiveness. Preliminary test of M. anisopliae resulted the mortality of fourth instar larvae on the fifth day and followed by the growth of green hyphae on the eleventh day post treatment. Young larvae were susceptible to be infected by the fungus. Conidial density 1 x 108 conidia/ml regarded effective to control S. frugiperda. Soil isolates had a higher infection rate than isolates obtained from other habitat. The results showed that the fungus M. anisopliae had a high potential as a biopesticide to control the S. frugiperda.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106097
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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