Hama Utama Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L.) Di Kabupaten Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung

Abstract

Lada (Piper nigrum) merupakan salah satu jenis rempah-rempah yang tak asing bagi masyarakat Indonesia dan banyak ditanam di daerah Indonesia. Lada banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai salah satu komponen bumbu masakan tradisional. Kabupaten Belitung Timur merupakan salah satu sentra tanaman lada di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Budi daya tanaman lada memiliki faktor pembatas yaitu permasalahan hama dan penyakit yang mengganggu produktivitas tanaman lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis hama utama yang menyerang tanaman lada serta mengetahui tingkat serangan hama utama pada tanaman lada di Kabupaten Belitung Timur. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Januari 2020 hingga Maret 2020 di dua kecamatan, masing-masing kecamatan terdiri atas tiga kebun sehingga total kebun yang digunakan sebanyak enam kebun. Tanaman contoh yang digunakan untuk pengamatan sebanyak 10 tanaman contoh per kebun yang ditentukan dengan pola diagonal, sehingga total tanaman contoh sebanyak 60 tanaman. Hama utama yang menyerang tanaman lada yaitu hama pengisap buah (Dasynus piperis), hama pengisap bunga (Diconocoris hewetti), dan hama penggerek batang lada (Lophobaris piperis). Intensitas kerusakan biji per tandan tertinggi ditemukan di Kecamatan Gantung (24.9%), dan terendah di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit (6.3%). Populasi D. piperis tertinggi terdapat di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit (17.0 individu/10 tanaman), dan populasi terendah di Kecamatan Gantung (6.3 individu/10 tanaman). Populasi tertinggi D. hewetti sebesar 2.7 individu/10 tanaman terdapat di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit dan populasi terendah di Kecamatan Gantung sebesar 0.3 individu/10 tanaman. Populasi tertinggi L. piperis sebesar 3.0 individu/10 tanaman terdapat di Kecamatan Gantung dan terendah (0 individu/10 tanaman) di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit.

Pepper (Piper nigrum) is a well-known spice that is widely grown various parts of Indonesia. East Belitung Regency is one of the pepper planting centers in Bangka Belitung Province. Pepper cultivation has limiting factors such as pest and disease problems that reduce the productivity of pepper plants. This study aims to determine the main pests that attack pepper plants and determine the level of damage and population in East Belitung Regency. The study was conducted from January to March 2020. Two districts that have the most pepper plants were selected, and in each district was selected one village with three pepper plantations. In each plantation, ten pepper plants were selected diagonally. Observations were made five times at two weeks intervals. The main pests found were Dasynus piperis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Diconocoris hewetti (Hemiptera: Tingidae), and Lophobaris piperis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The highest level of seed damage per bunch was in Gantung District (24.9%), and the lowest was in Kelapa Sampit (6.3%). The highest population of D. piperis was in Kelapa Kampit District (17.0 individuals/ 10 plants), and the lowest population was in Gantung District (6.3 individuals/ 10 plants). The highest population of D. hewetti was in Kelapa Kampit District (2.7 individuals/10 plants), and the lowest was in Gantung District (0.3 individual/ 10 plants). The highest population of L. piperis was in Gantung District (3.0 individuals/10 plants), and the lowest (0 individual/10 plants) was in Kelapa Kampit District.