Inventarisasi Penyakit Tanaman Bambu di Kebun Raya Bogor

Abstract

Bambu di Indonesia ada sekitar 157 spesies dan lebih dari 50% merupakan jenis bambu yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Adanya penggunaan bambu diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunaan kayu yang akhirnya dapat mengurangi penebangan hutan. Bambu rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit dan gangguan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi penyakit dan mengidentifikasi patogen pada tanaman bambu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Raya Bogor dengan mengamati 19 spesies tanaman bambu. Pengambilan sampel tanaman sakit dilakukan pada bagian yang bergejala seperti akar, batang, daun, dan rebung. Dari sampel tersebut dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi patogen yang ditemukan yang pelaksanaannya di Laboratorium Mikologi Tumbuhan, IPB University. Studi pustaka dilakukan dari beberapa sumber seperti jurnal dan buku untuk melengkapi informasi tentang penyakit pada tanaman bambu. Hasil dari pengamatan ditemukan cendawan Penicillium sp. (daun), Rhizoctonia solani (batang), dan Amylosporus campbellii (akar) pada jenis bambu Gigantochloa apus. Cladosporium sp. juga ditemukan pada batang bambu jenis Dendrocalamus asper. Penyakit lain yang menginfeksi tanaman bambu berdasarkan studi pustaka diantaranya rot of emerging culm (Fusarium moniliforme), sapu (Epichloe bambusae), dan branch die-back (F. pallidoroseum) pada batang. Penyakit pada bagian daun yaitu karat daun (Dasturella divina), embun hitam (Meliola bambusicola), dan embun jelaga (Capnodium sp.). Bagian akar yaitu rhizome bud rot (Pythium middletonil) dan decay of rhizome, root and basal culm (Ganoderma lucidum). Informasi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam merancang tindakan pengendalian penyakit pada bambu.

Bamboo types in Indonesia are about 157 species and more than 50% of them are bamboo that can be utilized. The use of bamboos are expected to reduce the use of wood which could ultimately reduce deforestation. Bamboo is susceptible to various diseases and other disorders. This study aims to record the diseases and identify the pathogens of bamboo plants. This research was conducted at Bogor Botanical Gardens by observing 19 species of bamboo plants. Sampling of diseased plants was done on symptomatic plant such as roots, stems, leaves, and bamboo shoots. From these samples, isolation and identification of pathogens were perform, which was conducted at Laboratory of Plant Mycology, IPB University. Literature studies were carried out by cites several sources such as journals and books to complement information about diseases of bamboo plants. The result of this study found Penicillium sp. (leaf), Rhizoctonia solani (stem), and Amylosporus campbellii (root) on bamboo Gigantochloa apus species. Cladosporium sp. also found on bamboo Dendrocalamus asper stems. Other diseases that infect bamboo plants based on literature studies include emerging calm rot (Fusarium moniliforme), witches broom (Epichloe bambusae), and Branch die-back (F. pallidoroseum) on the stem. Disease on the leaves is leaf rust (Dasturella divina), Black mildew (Meliola bambusicola), and Sooty mould (Capnodium sp.). Diseases of the root part are rhizome bud rot (Pythium middletonil) and decay of rhizome, root and basal culm (Ganoderma lucidum). This information can be used as a reference for designing disease control measures of bamboo