Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students: Comparative Study between IPB University (Indonesia) and WULS-SGGW (Poland)

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is a gradual process influenced by both exogenous and endogenous factors, such as the presence of a business-friendly environment, the availability of endowments, the ability to obtain the desired resources, and the ability to apply and manage business concepts (Mueller 2008; Morris et al. 2001). Entrepreneurship has been confirmed as a type of planned behavior (Krueger et al. 2000). IPB University is one of the best universities in Indonesia based in the agriculture, located in Bogor, and inaugurated in 1963. IPB University has a School of Business for undergraduate program. This program is designed to answer the nation and market demands for young entrepreneurs who can manage Indonesia's agriculture, marine and tropical biotechnology wealth, professionally and sustainably. WULS (Warsaw University of Life Science)-SGGW (Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego) based in the agricultural sector that founded in 1816, is one of the best universities and leading research centers in Poland. If IPB university has a business program, WULS-SGGW only has entrepreneurship subject. Based on the previous descriptions, it is intriguing to study the entrepreneurship interest level among students. This research used the plan behavior theory with three determinants: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control. This study is explanatory research. In this study, the sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling with convenience sampling. This research used the Lemeshow formula. The minimum sample needed is 150 respondents. Data collection was performed by giving questionnaires to respondents with a Likert scale of 1-6. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with software Smart PLS was used for data processing. This research was conducted in February 2019 to June 2019 at Warsaw University Life Science-SGGW, Poland and IPB University, Indonesia. The result reveals that IPB University and WULS-SGGW have different types of entrepreneurship and determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. At IPB University, the factors that most influence entrepreneurial intentions are attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control. The dominant entrepreneur type at IPB University is Startup, while in WULS-SGGW is ecopreneurship, which concerns environmental issues. The inhibiting factor that influences students' desire to be entrepreneurs is the desire to be a scientist/researcher/academic. While in WULS-SGGW, the students prefer to be a private company employee/worker. In the future, both campuses can become special facilitators on entrepreneurship programs that directly open connections with SME incubators.