Penentuan Waktu Reaksi dan Konsentrasi Katalis untuk Sintesis Mono-Diasilgliserol

Abstract

Mono-diacylglycerol is an emulsifier that containing monoglycerides and diglycerides, which is made by reacting glycerol and fatty acids with the help of a chemical catalyst. This research was aimed to produce mono-diacylglycerol from glycerol, by-product of biodiesel production and palm fatty acid distillate, by-product of frying oil production, and to know the best reaction time and concentration of catalyst to produce mono-diacylglycerol through esterification process. The steps consisted of glycerol purification, characterization of purified glycerol and palm fatty acid distillate. This was followed by determinating the reaction time (60, 75, and 90 minute) and concentration of catalysts (1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) for production of mono-diacylglyserol, and characterization of mono-diacylglycerol which has been producted. In this research was used a methyl ester sulphonic acid as the catalyst. The best products was mono-diacylglycerol with catalyst concentration of 1.5% and reaction time 75 minutes. This condition producted M-DAG with yield 30.20%, the percentage fraction of monoacylglycerol 16.21%, diacylglycerol 31.00%, melting point of 57 oC, pH 4, emulsion stability 85.94%, acid value 23.18 mg KOH/g sample, texture rather dense, quite dry, and whitey-brown color.