Analisis Perbandingan Tiga Klon Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng) Berdasarkan Karakteristik Fenotipe dan Kandungan Senyawa Fenolik

Abstract

Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng) is a medicinal vegetable consumed in Indonesia. Efficacy of bioactive components within the plant are influenced by environmental factors. In this study, comparison of three clones of torbangun (A, B, and C clones) were analysed through its phenotype and phenolic characteristics, then strengthened by PLS-DA (Partial Least Square - Discriminant Analysis). Initially, the results of the phenotype identification using torbangun descriptor, which was prepared under IPGRI guidelines, showed two types of torbangun: A clone is a thick-leaved torbangun, whereas clones B and C were thin-leaved. These three clones differed significantly in total phenolics content, between 78.68-149.78 mg GAE/100 g DB. Total anthocyanins content was not significantly different in clones A and C, the concentrations are between 0.08-0.18 C3GE/100 mg g DB. Methods of extraction and hydrolysis of flavonoids are flavonol method (2 hours extraction, [HCl] 1.2 M) and flavon method (4 hours extraction, [HCl] 2.0 M). Both methods were successfully quantified the five main flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin), where the contents obtained varied from 2.35-86.87 mg/100 g DB. Luteolin was the highest identified flavonoid, while the lowest one was myricetin. PLS-DA of HPLC flavonoids spectral data which obtained from both methods, illustrated the different characteristics of the three clones torbangun. In flavonol method, the marker compounds for A clone were unknown peak-4 and 6; while marker compounds for B clone were myricetin and quercetin, and C clone had only kaempferol. In flavone method, the marker compounds of A clone were apigenin, kaempferol, unknown peak-4, and 6; for B clone, myricetin and quercetin; whereas C clone had only kaempferol.