Kajian Proses Produksi Biodiesel Melalui Transesterifikasi in situ Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Pada Berbagai Kondisi Operasi
Date
2010Author
Utami., Siska Widi
Ismayana, Andes
Kartika, Ika Amalia
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Biodiesel production is generally carried out through several stages of process. They are oil extraction, oil purification, and oil transesterification. Several steps that must be passed in the biodiesel production causing low efficiency and high energy consumption, resulting in high cost of biodiesel production. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a process that simplify the steps in biodiesel production, more efficient, low cost and low energy consumption, also be able to produce high quality of biodiesel through in situ transesterification. This study purposes to investigate on in situ transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. under various operating condition by studying the influence of temperature, stirring speed, and reaction time on the yield and quality of biodiesel. In situ transesterification of Jatropha seeds was carried out under the following process conditions : the moisture content of Jatropha seeds less than 1%, the particle size of 35 mesh, the methanol to hexane to seeds ratio of 6:1:1 (v/v/w), and the KOH concentration of 0.075 mol/L methanol. Operating conditions of in situ transesterification was varied at temperature of 40, 50, and 60ºC, reaction time of 3, 4, and 5 hours, and mechanical stirring of 700, 800, and 900 rpm. Analysis of variance showed that temperature, stirring speed, and reaction time did not significantly affected the yield and viscosity of biodiesel. Temperature, reaction time, and interactions between temperature, stirring speed, and reaction time significantly affected acid value of biodiesel. Temperature and interaction between temperature and stirring speed significantly affected saponification value and ester value of biodiesel. The experimental results showed that in situ transesterification conditions which recommended for commercial scale was at temperature of 40ºC, mechanical stirring of 700 rpm, and reaction time of 3 hours (A1B1C1). That condition was choosen because this condition used low energy than other operating condition. This was also supported by the results of statistical analysis showed that the yield and viscosity of biodiesel were not significantly different at all operating conditions, and biodiesel’s characteristics meets Indonesian Biodiesel Standard. The value of acid value, saponification value, ester value, and viscosity at A1B1C1 are 0.49 mg KOH/g, 201.36 mg KOH/g, 200.87 mg KOH/g, and 3.49 cSt.