Optimasi Nisbah Mol Pati Tapioka - Butanol dan Nisbah Mol Pati Tapioka - Fatty Alcohol C10 pada Proses Pembuatan Surfaktan Nonionik Alkil Poliglikosida (APG)

Abstract

Nowadays, industries grow rapidly to produce assorted goods that are necessary to fulfill human needs. Industrial raw material requirement demands renewable raw material to guarantee industrial availability and sustainability. Therefore, assorted renewable raw materials are needed. Besides that, industries are demanded to pay attention for the environment preservation and ecosystem. Alkyl polyglycosides (APG) is a surfactant safe to environment because it is synthesized from natural raw materials based on carbohydrate likes sago, cassava, corn and vegetable oil such as coconut oil, palm oil, kapok seed oil and rubber seed oil. The main raw materials for producing APG is starch (sago, tapioca, etc.) or dextrose (based on starch) and fatty alcohol (based on vegetable oil). The objectives of this research were to obtain the optimum condition of the molar ratio of starch-butanol and the molar ratio of starch-fatty alcohol C10 on interfacial tension value, and to compare characterististics of APG produced from this research to APG commercial. Optimization used response surface method with central composite design. The variables were the molar ratio of starch-buthanol of 1: 6 - 1: 10 and starch-fatty alcohol C10 of 1: 2,5 - 1: 6. The result of optimum condition, based on interfacial tension value of water and xylene as parameter shows that surface model response was minimum. The optimum condition from validation result was interfacial tension value of water and xylene of 9 dynes/cm with the molar ratio of starch-butanol of 1 : 8,49 and and the molar ratio of starch-fatty alcohol of 1 : 4,66. The response surface model was Y = 9,354561 – 0,398990 X1 – 0,411616 X2 + 0,809388 X12 + 0,025000 X1X2 + 0,855307 X22. Characteristics of APG produced in optimum condition had similarity with those of APG commercial in their performances physicochemical properties, i.e. interfacial tension (9,75 dynes/cm and CMC value of 0,9 g/L), surface tension (34,55 dynes/cm and CMC value of 0,6 g/L), foam stability (87 %), emulsion stability (64%), pH (7,98) and HLB (13,8). FTIR analysis shows that the APG produced from this research had similar functional groups with those at the commercial product.