Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Perkarbonat dan Jumlah Air Terhadap Mutu Kulit Samoa Pada Penyamakan Kulit Dengan Minyak Biji Karet.
Abstract
Chamois leather is a popular product in trading, because it has specific uses. Nowadays, chamois leather is produced with fish oil as a main oil tanning agent. The problem are odors and colour of the product as well as the expensiveness of the fish oil. To overcome the problem, subtitution of the fish oil with vegetable oil, such as rubber seed oil. May be carried out other problem is oxidation needs a long time, such as about 2 weeks. This causes production process of tanning leathers tanning chamois needs long time. The objectives of this research were to understand the effect of amounts of sodium percarbonate and water in chamois leather tanning using rubber seed oil on the quality of the chamois leather. Besides that, this research also aimed to get the best combination of the factors. The preliminary research was carried out by analyzing the physico-chemical properties of rubber seeds oil. The main research was done by tanning of sort skin pickeld pelt. In its oxidation, combination of 2%, 4%, and 6 % of sodium perkarbonat and 70%, 50% dan 30% of water were used. The experimental design used was completely random factorial design. The results of preliminary research were rubber seed consisted of 49% shell and 51% endosperm. The characteristics of the rubber seed oil were density of 0.94 (g/cm3), viscosity of 48.4 centistokes, colour of 2713 PtCo units, acid value of 15.2 mg KOH/g oil , FFA of 5.82 %, iodine number of 113 g iodine/ 100 g oil, saponification value of 350.06 mg KOH/g oil, and peroxide number of 24.13 miliekuivalen/1000 g oil. The main research show that sodium percarbonate amount significantly affected thickness and oil content; amount of water significantly affected oil content of the leather; The interaction between sodium percarbonate and water significantly affected ash content and oil content. The optimum conditions for the oxidation were amount of sodium percarbonate of 4% and water at 50%. The physical properties of the leather were shrinkage temperature of 71oC, thickness of 0.87 mm, tensile strength of 35.95 N/mm2, elongation of 129%, tear strength of 82.01 N/mm, water absorption of 226% (2 hours) and 303% (24 hours). The chemical properties were pH of 7.45, oil content of 8.1% and ash contain of 1.3%. The organoleptic properties were softness of 6 – 7, colour of 7 - 8, and odour of 7 – 8.