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      Upaya Penghambatan Pencokelatan Tepung Uwi (Dioscorea alata) melalui Variasi Jenis dan Konsentrasi Larutan Perendam Alami

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Eltanti, Widya
      Budijanto, Slamet
      Armetha, Vallerina
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      Abstract
      Uwi (Dioscorea alata), salah satu umbi-umbian dari famili Dioscoreaceae yang mengandung karbohidrat kompleks dengan kandungan pati tinggi yang berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi produk pangan setengah jadi berupa tepung. Tantangan utama pengolahan uwi menjadi tepung yaitu perubahan warna pada produk yang dihasilkan akibat reaksi pencokelatan enzimatik dan nonenzimatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh variasi jenis dan konsentrasi larutan perendam untuk menghambat pencokelatan pada tepung uwi serta mengevaluasi pengaruh potongan umbi uwi paling efektif untuk menghambat pencokelatan pada saat perendaman. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua kali replikasi biologis dan tiga faktor perlakuan, yaitu jenis agen anti pencokelatan dalam larutan perendam (larutan dengan ekstrak teh hitam, ekstrak teh hijau, ekstrak daun kelor, asam sitrat, dan asam askorbat), konsentrasi agen anti pencokelatan di dalam larutan perendam (0,1%; 0,2%; dan 0,3%), serta ukuran potongan umbi (10 × 10 × 10 mm dan 5 × 5 × 10 mm). Kombinasi perlakuan jenis dan konsentrasi perendam serta ukuran umbi terbaik ditentukan menggunakan metode Bayes. Berdasarkan hasil uji, perlakuan asam sitrat 0,3% dengan potongan umbi 5 × 5 × 10 mm, asam askorbat 0,3% dengan ukuran potongan umbi 5 × 5 × 10 mm, dan asam sitrat 0,2% dengan ukuran potongan umbi 10 × 10 × 10 mm menghasilkan tepung uwi dengan kualitas warna terbaik. Tepung uwi ketiga kombinasi perlakuan terbaik tersebut memiliki profil gelatinisasi berupa viskositas puncak, viskositas akhir, dan viskositas setback yang cukup tinggi dan viskositas breakdown yang rendah.
       
      Uwi (Dioscorea alata), is a starch-rich tuber with considerable potential for conversion into intermediate food products such as flour. However, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning during processing remains a critical barrier to achieving optimal product quality. This study investigated the influence of soaking-solution type and concentration on browning inhibition in uwi flour, and assessed the effectiveness of different tuber cut sizes in minimizing discoloration. A factorial completely randomized design with two biological replications was applied, incorporating three factors: anti-browning agent type (black tea extract, green tea extract, moringa leaf extract, citric acid, and ascorbic acid), agent concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), and tuber cut size (10 × 10 × 10 mm and 5 × 5 × 10 mm). Bayesian ranking was used to determine the optimal treatment combinations. The most effective treatments for maintaining flour color were citric acid 0.3% with a 5 × 5 × 10 mm cut size, ascorbic acid 0.3% with the same cut size, and citric acid 0.2% with a 10 × 10 × 10 mm cut size. Flour produced from these treatments displayed favorable gelatinization properties, characterized by high peak, final, and setback viscosities and low breakdown viscosites. These findings demonstrate that targeted acid-based antibrowning strategies, combined with appropriate tuber dimensions, can effectively enhance color stability and functional quality in uwi flour.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172398
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      • UT - Food Science and Technology [3631]

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