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      Karakteristik Green Beans Kopi Arabika Hasil Fermentasi Kering Klasik dan Eksperimental

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Harmawan, Kenneth Reizo Rabbani
      Dewanti, Ratih
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      Abstract
      Peningkatan produksi dan tingkat konsumsi kopi di dunia mendorong industri kopi untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas. Parameter kualitas kopi terutama flavor dipengaruhi oleh rangkaian proses pada rantai produksi kopi yang meliputi proses prapanen, proses pascapanen (fermentasi), proses penyangraian, hingga penyeduhan. Fermentasi kopi yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar air dan mendegradasi mucilage merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam menghasilkan kopi yang berkualitas. Fermentasi kopi klasik terbagi menjadi proses kering, semi-kering, dan basah. Berkembangnya industri kopi telah menghasilkan berbagai inovasi proses fermentasi yang dikenal sebagai proses eksperimental yang meliputi proses anaerob, carbonic maceration, hingga inokulasi starter. Fermentasi eksperimental dapat menghasilkan karakter yang berbeda, seperti atribut sensori yang baru jika dibandingkan dari fermentasi klasik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik kimiawi dan fisik green beans kopi arabika hasil fermentasi kering (natural) klasik dan eksperimental. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakteristik kadar air, pH, TAT, total gula, dan warna pada green beans hasil fermentasi kering klasik (natural) dan eksperimental, sementara tidak terdapat pengaruh fermentasi terhadap karakteristik ukuran dan mutu genetik (poliembrioni dan peaberry). Parameter fisik jumlah cacat (sortasi dan grading) serta densitas kamba merepresentasikan perbedaan nyata atau deviasi pada jenis fermentasi anaerob kering. // The increasing number of global production and consumption of coffee have compelled the coffee industry to produce quality products. Coffee flavor as a critical quality parameter is influenced by various stages in coffee production chain, encompassing pre-harvest, post-harvest (fermentation), roasting, and brewing process. The primary objectives of coffee fermentation are to reduce moisture content and degrade mucilage, as pivotal stage in producing high-quality coffee. Classic coffee fermentation is divided into dry, semi-dry, and wet processes. The evolution of the coffee industry has led to innovative fermentation techniques, known as experimental process such as anaerobic processing, carbonic maceration, and starter culture inoculation. Experimental fermentations tend to produce characteristics different, such as new sensory attributes as compared to classical fermentations. This study investigated the chemical and physical characteristics of arabica green beans resulting from classic dry (natural) and experimental fermentations. The findings indicate significant differences in moisture content, pH, titratable acidity (TA), total sugars, and color between green beans produced by classic dry and experimental fermentations. Conversely, fermentation showed no effect on bean size and genetic quality (polyembryo and peaberry). Physical parameters such as defect count (sorting and grading) and bulk density demonstrated a significant difference (deviation) in the dry anaerobic fermentation.
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/168845
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      • UT - Food Science and Technology [3623]

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