Kajian Gen Resisten Tetrasiklin pada Bakteri Pencemar Air Pertanian Selada di Daerah Bogor

Abstract

Budidaya selada dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan air dari berbagai sumber dan berpotensi tercemar oleh aktivitas lingkungan sehingga mengakibatkan adanya mikroorganisme pencemar. Resistensi antibiotik terus meningkat dan keberadaan tetrasiklin di lingkungan pertanian sering ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan prevalensi bakteri Enterobacteriaceae dan Escherichia coli serta menganalisis keberadaan gen resistensi tetrasiklin pada isolat bakteri yang ditemukan. Metode yang digunakan terdiri atas pengambilan sampel air pertanian selada di Bogor berdasarkan purposive sampling, isolasi bakteri target (Enterobacteriaceae dan Escherichia coli), dan deteksi gen resisten tetrasiklin dengan gen target tet(A) dan tet(B) dengan PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalansi Enterobacteriaceae 80% (24/30) dan Escherichia coli 13,33% (4/30). Gen tet(A) pada Enterobacteriaceae terdeteksi sebesar 12,5% (3/24), Escherichia coli 50% (2/4), Salmonella terduga 15,79% (3/19), Salmonella terkonfirmasi 0% (0/2), dan Enterobacter aerogenes 100% (1/1). Gen tet(B) hanya terdeteksi pada isolat bakteri Enterobacteriaceae yaitu sebesar 8,33% (2/24). Deteksi gen tet(A) ditemukan sebesar 18% dan gen tet(B) sebesar (4%). Air menjadi sumber cemaran bakteri dan dapat menjadi perantara dalam perpindahan gen secara horizontal.

Lettuce cultivation is done by utilizing water from various sources and has the potential to be polluted by environmental activities resulting in the presence of contaminating microorganisms. Antibiotic resistance continues to increase and the presence of tetracycline in the agricultural environment is often found. This study aims to identify and determine the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli bacteria and analyze the presence of tetracycline resistance genes in bacterial isolates found. The method used consisted of purposive sampling of water from lettuce farms in Bogor, isolation of target bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli), and detection of tetracycline-resistant genes with tet(A) and tet(B) target genes by PCR. The results showed the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae 80% (24/30) and Escherichia coli 13.33% (4/30). The tet(A) gene in Enterobacteriaceae was detected at 12.5% (3/24), Escherichia coli 50% (2/4), Salmonella suspected 15.79% (3/19), Salmonella confirmed 0% (0/2), and Enterobacter aerogenes 100% (1/1). The tet(B) gene was only detected in Enterobacteriaceae bacterial isolates at 8.33% (2/24). Detection of tet(A) gene was found at 18% and tet(B) gene at (4%). Water is a source of bacterial contamination and can be an intermediary in horizontal gene transfer.