Optimasi Formula Minuman Sari Buah Nanas-Wortel Menggunakan Desain Mixture D-Optimal

Abstract

Pasar minuman ringan Indonesia sudah tersaturasi dengan minuman yang sama, dengan sedikit variasi, seperti minuman teh kemasan Ready to drink (RTD) dan minuman ringan berkarbonasi. Minuman ringan dengan basis buah jarang ditemukan, dan lebih jarang lagi berdasarkan buah nanas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan formula optimal untuk minuman ringan berbasis nanas-wortel dengan menggunakan metode Response Surface Method (RSM) dengan desain mixture D-Optimal. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan mengukur kadar antioksidan dari formula optimal yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Formulasi menggunakan tiga variabel bebas dan lima variabel tetap, variabel bebas berupa jumlah ekstrak wortel (10-30%, bb), jumlah ekstrak nanas (15-35%, bb), dan jumlah gula (5-10%, bb). Variabel tetap berupa jumlah air mineral (50%, bb), jumlah CMC (500 mg/L), jumlah Na-Alginat (500 mg/L), jumlah asam sitrat (200 mg/L), dan jumlah asam askorbat (200 mg/L). Menggunakan piranti lunak Design Expert 13.0® dengan parameter desain model special cubic, algoritma pencarian both exchanges, dan jenis keoptimalan D-Optimality didapatkan 17 formulasi yang diukur respon fisik (Total Padatan Terlarut (TPT) dan Warna (L*, a*, b*, C*, h)), respon kimia (pH), dan respon sensori (warna, aroma, rasa, keseluruhan) untuk optimasi. Dari optimasi menggunakan respon 17 formulasi tersebut didapatkan formula optimal dengan komposisi 5% (bb) gula, 10% (bb) ekstrak wortel, 35% (bb) esktrak nanas, 50% (bb) air, 500 mg/L CMC, 500 mg/L Na-Alginat, 200 mg/L asam askorbat, dan 200 mg/L asam sitrat yang memiliki desirability 0,93. Pengukuran kapasitas antioksidan formula optimal menunjukkan bahwa formula optimal memiliki kapasitas antioksidan ekuivalen dengan 93,05 mg/L asam askorbat.

The Indonesian soft drink market is currently saturated with the same kinds of drinks like RTD tea, soda, et cetera. Rarely do we find soft drinks based on fruit, and even rarer based on pineapple. This research is aimed to find an optimal formula for a soft drink based on pineapple-carrot juice using the Response Surface Method (RSM) using a D-Optimal mixture design. This research also aims to measure the antioxidant activity of the obtained optimal formula using the DPPH method. The formulation of the drink consists of three independent variable and five control variables, which are amount of carrot extract (10-30%, wb), amount of pineapple extract (15-35%, wb), and amount of sugar (5-10%, wb). The control variables are water (50%, wb), CMC (500 mg/L), Na-Alginate (500 mg/L), ascorbic acid (200 mg/L), and citric acid (200 mg/L). Formulation using Design Expert 13.0® with a special cubic model, both exchanges search algorithm using D-Optimality, we get a total of 17 formulas. These 17 formulas are then measured for physical response (Total soluble solids (TSS) and Color (L*, a*, b*, C*, h)), chemical response (pH), and sensory response (color, aroma, taste, overall). Using the responses from those 17 formulas, optimation was done to receive an optimal formula consisting of 5% (wb) sugar, 10% (wb) carrot extract, 35% (wb) pineapple extract, 50% (wb) water, 500 mg/L CMC, 500 mg/L Na-Alginate, 200 mg/L citric acid, and 200 mg/L ascorbic acid, which has a desirability of 0,93. Measuring the capacity of the optimal formula, it is found to be equivalent to 93.05 mg/L of ascorbic acid.