Distribusi Gen-Gen Penyandi Sifat Resistensi Ampisilin pada Salmonella spp. Asal Karkas Ayam

Abstract

Penggunaan ampisilin dengan tujuan bukan untuk pengobatan (non-terapeutik) dapat menimbulkan antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Resistensi terhadap ampisilin dapat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan gen-gen penyandi resistensi ampisilin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data gen-gen penyandi resistensi ampisilin beserta gen dominannya pada Salmonella spp. asal karkas ayam. Terdapat tujuh belas isolat Salmonella spp. asal karkas ayam yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan kerja, yaitu ekstraksi dan analisis kemurnian DNA Salmonella spp., deteksi gen-gen penyandi resitensi ampisilin, dan analisis korelasi antara fenotipe dan genotipe serta frekuensi gen tertinggi. Deteksi gen-gen penyandi sifat resistensi ampisilin dilakukan menggunakan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hasil deteksi gen penyandi resistensi ampisilin menunjukkan 17 (100%) isolat memiliki gen blaTEM dan blaTEM-1, 16 (94,1%) memiliki gen blaCTX-M-2, 11 (64,7%) memiliki gen blaCTX-M-15, dan tidak ada isolat yang memiliki gen blaCMY-2. Korelasi antara sifat resisten (fenotipe) dengan keberadaan gen penyandi resistensi ampisilin (genotipe) menunjukkan bahwa gen blaCTX-M-15 memiliki persentase korelasi tertinggi dan merupakan gen dominan penyandi resistensi ampisilin pada Salmonella spp. asal karkas ayam.

The use of ampicillin for non-therapeutic purposes can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Resistance to ampicillin can be influenced by the presence ampicillin resistance coding genes. This study aims to obtain data on ampicillin resistance coding genes and their dominant genes in Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasses. There were seventeen isolates of Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasses used in this study. This study consisted of three stages of work, namely extraction and purification analysis of Salmonella spp. DNA, detection of ampicillin resistance coding genes, and correlation analysis between phenotype and genotype and the highest gene frequency. Detection of the genes coding for ampicillin resistance was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of the detection ampicillin resistance gene coding showed that 17 (100%) isolates had the blaTEM and blaTEM-1 genes, 16 (94.1%) had the blaCTX-M-2 gene, 11 (64.7%) had the blaCTX-M-15 gene, and none of the isolates had the blaCMY-2 gene. The correlation between resistance (phenotype) and ampicillin resistance coding genes (genotype) showed that the blaCTX-M-15 gene had the highest correlation percentage and was the dominant gene encoding ampicillin resistance in Salmonella spp. isolated from chicken carcasses.