Pemanfaatan Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Sebagai Bahan Dasar Sabun Mandi

Abstract

Jatropha plant (Jatropha curcas L.) is the plant where the habitat is commonly found in America, Africa and Asian tropical area includes Indonesia. This plant have lots of properties such as curing wound on skin, worm medicine, flatulent medicine and tooth medicine. Oil which extracted from its plant can be used as a base material for making soap, biodiesel, insecticides, and other medical use. Bath soap is the primary needs for human because it uses for cleaning up the body from the dirt which coming from oil, sweat, dust etc. Simple soap making is by reacting the NaOH base solution or as known as caustic soda, the process it called saponification. The two most critical chemical components of the soapmaking process are contact and heat.The soap that made in this research is an opaque soap. The main purposes of this research are to learn the characteristics of the opaque soap that made from the jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas L.) material and also to find the best soap with the NaOH and cassava starch composition that have been arranged. The research was started by working a material analysis of jatropha seed which includes water content analysis, ash content analysis, fat content analysis, protein content analysis, carbohydrate content analysis and also acidity level (pH). Afterward, working the main research that is the soapmaking process which its formula were made based on the oil saponification value itself. The soap were differ by the cassava starch addition that is 0 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 7,5 %. The NaOH solvent used in this research were differ by concentration 30 % and 35 %. The soaps that has been produced, then, physical-chemically analyzed, and tested by preference test. Physical-chemistry analysis in this research are based on the SNI (1994). Finally, the result of both analysis and test were used to determine the best soap using the scoring method. The experiment design used in this research are known as randomize completely design with two factors. The factors that examined in this research are the concentration of NaOH that is 30 % and 35 %, and the concentration of cassava starch that is 0 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 7,5 %. The percentage of all of its concentration are counted from the final weight of soap produced. In the physical-chemistry analysis, to know the effect the addition of cassava starch, the NaOH solvent or both of it altogether were performed with the analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test. In the preference test, to know the effect of both factors were performed with the Friedman test with the level of significance 95 % ( =0,05). Chosen panelists for this test were classified into untrained panelists and all of it are part member of society who are common using bath soap especially opaque soap. The result of the scoring method could not determined the best soap, because at the end of the calculation there were five soaps which have the same scores that is 2,580. Those five soaps are coded 102 (soap with NaOH 30 % and cassava starch 0 %), 296 (soap with NaOH 30 % and cassava starch 2,5 %), 364 (soap with NaOH 30 % and cassava starch 5 %), 183 (soap with NaOH 35 % and cassava starch 0 %) and 478 (soap with NaOH 35 % and cassava starch 5 %). From the result of the research could be concluded that the soap made from jatropha oil have a physical-chemical properties includes, water content range of 13,470 – 14,810 %, fatty acid range of 77,615 – 83,710 %, unsaponifiable fraction range of 7,385 – 7,710 %, non soluble fraction in alcohol range of 0,565 – 0,765 %, free alkali as count as NaOH range of 0,020 – 0,045 %, negative mineral result, pH range 9,375 – 9,815, emulsion stability range of 83,435 – 85,520 %, foam stability range of 83,350 – 88,540 % and hardness range of 3,135 – 4,775 mm/g.detik. While the result of the preference test that done in this research generally leaved a neutral impression to all panelists. It could be shown with the highly percentage of panelist responses on the score 3 which means that the panelists were giving a neutral impression to all the soaps tested. The preference test includes, texture preference range of 24 – 80 %, display preference range of 48 – 80 %, foaming preference range of 28 – 72 %, softness preference range of 60 – 88 % and abrasive preference range of 64 – 84 %.