Pola Konsumsi Olahan Jagung dan Potensi Paparan Aflatoksin di Indonesia

Abstract

Konsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat utama penduduk Indonesia masih bergantung pada satu jenis pangan yaitu beras. Beras merupakan makanan pokok yang digemari masyarakat. Sehingga diperlukan upaya pemerintah melakukan program diversifikasi pangan lokal mengonsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat selain beras. Jagung merupakan komoditas bahan pangan lokal sebagai sumber karbohidrat. Pola konsumsi pangan mencakup jenis, jumlah dan frekuensi pangan yang dikonsumsi dalam selang waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi jagung dan olahannya serta kontribusi terhadap asupan karbohidrat dan potensi paparan aflatoksin di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan semi quantitatif food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa olahan jagung dapat dikonsumsi sebagai makanan pokok dan makanan selingan/snack. Konsumsi jagung di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil survei sebesar 9,00 g/kapita/hari sedangkan hasil in-depth interview sebesar 8,71 g/kapita/hari. Bentuk olahan jagung yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah jagung rebus, bakwan/perkedel jagung, jagung bakar dan nasi jagung. Berdasarkan hasil survei, provinsi dengan konsumsi tertinggi adalah Sulawesi Tengah, Papua Barat dan Gorontalo. Bentuk olahan jagung yang banyak dikonsumsi adalah jagung rebus, bakwan/perkedel jagung, jagung bakar dan nasi jagung. Jagung termasuk komoditas yang mudah terserang kapang Aspergillus flavus penghasil aflatoksin. Potensi paparan aflatoksin dari mengonsumsi jagung Indonesia tergolong rendah karena jagung banyak dikonsumsi dalam bentuk olahan jagung segar.

The consumption of food as the main source of carbohydrates for the Indonesian population still depends on one type of food, namely rice. Rice is a staple food favored by the people. So it is necessary for the government to carry out a local food diversification program to consume food sources of carbohydrates other than rice. Corn is a local food commodity as a source of carbohydrates. The pattern of food consumption includes the type, amount and frequency of food consumed within a certain time interval. This study aims to analyze the consumption pattern of corn and its processed products as well as the contribution to carbohydrate intake and potential exposure to aflatoxins in Indonesia. The method used is a survey method with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). The results showed that processed corn can be consumed as a staple food and as a snack. Corn consumption in Indonesia based on survey results is 9.00 g/capita/day while the results of in-depth interviews are 8.71 g/capita/day. The most consumed processed forms of corn are boiled corn, bakwan/corn cakes, roasted corn, and corn rice. Based on the survey results, the provinces with the highest consumption were Central Sulawesi, West Papua, and Gorontalo. The processed forms of corn that are widely consumed are boiled corn, bakwan/corn cakes, roasted corn and corn rice. Corn is a commodity that is susceptible to the aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus mold. Potential exposure to aflatoxins from consuming Indonesian corn was low because corn was mostly consumed in the form of processed fresh corn.