Effect of Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell Pyrolysis Process on Palm Surfactant Based Liquid Hand Soap

Abstract

Penggunaan sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan antibakteri sintetik seperti triclosan sudah mulai dihindari, oleh sebab itu perlu dicari alternatif antibakteri yang aman untuk kulit dan ramah bagi lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif antibakteri yang ramah lingkungan adalah asap cair hasil proses pirolisis dari tempurung kelapa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi asap cair yang tepat untuk sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan surfaktan MES dan gliserol sawit. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis bahan baku, formulasi sabun cair (surfaktan metil ester sulfonat 7,5%, surfaktan dietanolamida 5%, gliserol sawit 9%, natrium klorida 1%, asap cair grade I, dan air distilasi). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penambahan asap cair grade I sejumlah 1, 3, dan 5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia terhadap produk sabun cair yang dihasilkan, uji mutu dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 2588 : 2017, dan uji kinerja produk. Sabun cair dengan penambahan asap cair 1% menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan nilai densitas 1,037 g/cm3, berat jenis 1,04, viskositas 11.560 cP, tegangan permukaan 29,08 dyne/cm, pH 7,2, asam lemak bebas 0,27%, bahan tidak larut dalam etanol 0,14%, total bahan aktif 12,52%, jumlah pelat 990 CFU/g, reduksi koloni 61,13%, dan aroma paling tidak menyengat.

The use of synthetic antibacterial liquid hand soap such as triclosan has begun to be avoided. Therefore it is necessary to find an antibacterial alternative that is safe for the skin and friendly to the environment. One of the environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives is liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis process from coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right concentration of liquid smoke for liquid hand soap made from palm MES surfactants and glycerol. The stages of the research were raw material analysis, liquid soap formulation (surfactant methyl ester sulfonate 7.5%, surfactant diethanolamine 5%, palm glycerol 9%, sodium chloride 1%, liquid smoke grade I, and distilled water). The treatments in this study were the addition of 1, 3, and 5% grade I liquid smoke. The next stage is an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the resulting liquid hand soap product, quality test was carried out based on SNI 2588: 2017, and product performance test. Liquid soap with the addition of 1% liquid smoke showed the best results with density value of 1.037 g/cm3, specific gravity 1.04, viscosity 11,560 cP, surface tension 29.08 dyne/cm, pH 7.2, free fatty acids 0.27%, ingredients insoluble in ethanol 0.14%, the total active ingredient is 12.52%, the number of plates is 990 CFU/g, the colony reduction is 61.13%, and has the minimal pungent aroma.