Effect of Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell Pyrolysis Process on Palm Surfactant Based Liquid Hand Soap
Abstract
Penggunaan sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan antibakteri sintetik seperti
triclosan sudah mulai dihindari, oleh sebab itu perlu dicari alternatif antibakteri
yang aman untuk kulit dan ramah bagi lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif
antibakteri yang ramah lingkungan adalah asap cair hasil proses pirolisis dari
tempurung kelapa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi asap
cair yang tepat untuk sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan surfaktan MES dan
gliserol sawit.
Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis bahan baku, formulasi
sabun cair (surfaktan metil ester sulfonat 7,5%, surfaktan dietanolamida 5%,
gliserol sawit 9%, natrium klorida 1%, asap cair grade I, dan air distilasi).
Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penambahan asap cair grade I sejumlah 1,
3, dan 5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia terhadap
produk sabun cair yang dihasilkan, uji mutu dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 2588 :
2017, dan uji kinerja produk. Sabun cair dengan penambahan asap cair 1%
menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan nilai densitas 1,037 g/cm3, berat jenis 1,04,
viskositas 11.560 cP, tegangan permukaan 29,08 dyne/cm, pH 7,2, asam lemak
bebas 0,27%, bahan tidak larut dalam etanol 0,14%, total bahan aktif 12,52%,
jumlah pelat 990 CFU/g, reduksi koloni 61,13%, dan aroma paling tidak
menyengat. The use of synthetic antibacterial liquid hand soap such as triclosan has
begun to be avoided. Therefore it is necessary to find an antibacterial alternative
that is safe for the skin and friendly to the environment. One of the
environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives is liquid smoke resulting from
the pyrolysis process from coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to obtain
the right concentration of liquid smoke for liquid hand soap made from palm MES
surfactants and glycerol.
The stages of the research were raw material analysis, liquid soap
formulation (surfactant methyl ester sulfonate 7.5%, surfactant diethanolamine
5%, palm glycerol 9%, sodium chloride 1%, liquid smoke grade I, and distilled
water). The treatments in this study were the addition of 1, 3, and 5% grade I
liquid smoke. The next stage is an analysis of the physicochemical properties of
the resulting liquid hand soap product, quality test was carried out based on SNI
2588: 2017, and product performance test. Liquid soap with the addition of 1%
liquid smoke showed the best results with density value of 1.037 g/cm3, specific
gravity 1.04, viscosity 11,560 cP, surface tension 29.08 dyne/cm, pH 7.2, free
fatty acids 0.27%, ingredients insoluble in ethanol 0.14%, the total active
ingredient is 12.52%, the number of plates is 990 CFU/g, the colony reduction is
61.13%, and has the minimal pungent aroma.