Kajian Teknik Pengemasan Buah Pepaya Dan Semangka Terolah Minimal Selama Penyimpanan Dingin

Abstract

Papaya and Watermelon are one of the famous agriculture commodity. As a agriculture products, they are perishables. This is because papaya and watermelon are still doing metabolitic activity (respiration). The effect of papaya and watermelon respiration is chemical changing so that caused physical changing. The physical changing as a result of chemical changing could be perceived directly as a color, aroma, texture and flavour changing. People generally prefer to consumed them in cold condition. Before they are ready to consume, papaya and watermelon are processed minimally, including fruits cleaning, paring, and cutting into a smaller size so that make them more interesting and easier to consume. They also has a big size so they havenot finished consumed in once time. So, usually people cut them several time during consumption. Minimally processed cause injury in the fruits so that make it shorter in storage life. The way that we can do to prolong the storage life of the minimally processed of papaya and watermelon is a proper packaging and cold storage. The aim of the research is to get characteristic of packaging, physical, chemical, microbiology’s characteristic of fruits, and quality parameter changing and organoleptic assesment for cold storage according to the technique packaging. It also determine the suitable packaging for the fruits during cold storage. Storage were conducted at five treatment that is using polypropylene packaging with two opened circulation holes (B1), polypropylene packaging with one opened circulation hole (B2), polypropylene packaging with two closed circulation holes (B3), plate with cling film plastic cover (B4), plate with no cover (B5) and conducted in the chiller refrigator with 5 - 100C temperature. The parameter which were tested are proximate test (including water content, ash content, protein content, faty content and fiber content) and quality analysis including physical parameter (texture and color), chemical parameter (water content, total acid content, pH, total sugar content, Aw, vitamin C), microbiological test (TPC) and organoleptic test. The parameter were tested during 14 days storage. The result of research showed that thickness, gramature and density of polypropylene packaging is higher and transmission rate (O2, CO2, H2O) is lower than cling film plastic packaging. Characteristic of papaya and watermelon showed that both of them had a relatively high water content (> 80%), watermelon’s texture was lower than papaya’s, neutral’s pH (6.10 for papaya and 5.60 for watermelon), papaya and watermelon’s Aw were 0.82 dan 0.80. They also has a relatively low carbohydrates, protein, and fat. The result also showed that during storage was occurred the increasing microbiological test (TPC). It cause the increasing of water content (except in B5), decreasing of total sugar content, increasing of total acid and decreasing of pH, increasing of color brightness (except in B5), and 0Hue (except in B5 of watermelon) and also increasing of texture content. Organoleptic test showed that fruits that in plate with no cover (B5) had the highest decreasing than the other. Panelists still like the fruits that packed in all of polypropylene packaging (B1, B2, B3) until nine to twelve days, fruits in plate with cling film cover (B4) until eight to elevent days storage, and fruits in plate with no cover (B5) until five to seven days of storage. According to the characteristic and qualities parameter’s changing of the fruits during storage, like TPC, water content, total acid content, total sugar content, color, and fruits texture, so polypropylene packaging with two closed circulation holes (B3) for unmature fruits and polypropylene packaging with one opened circulation hole (B2) for matured fruits were more effective than the other kind of packaging.