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      Volatilomik Gelatin Ikan dan Babi Menggunakan HS SPME GC- MS untuk Autentikasi Halal

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Hanifati, Fadiah Nur
      Kusnandar, Feri
      Yuliana, Nancy Dewi
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      Abstract
      Gelatin merupakan komoditi pangan berasal dari bahan hewani yang sangat sulit ditelusuri kehalalannya karena asal muasal hewan tidak nampak secara fisik. Pembuatan gelatin juga melewati beberapa proses yang menimbulkan komponen pada gelatin tidak dapat dianalisis untuk mengetahui sumber asalnya. Autentikasi halal menjadi salah satu cara menghilangkan kekhawatiran masyarakat dalam status kehalalan gelatin yang beredar. Berbagai metode telah dikembangkan dalam eksplorasi pembeda komponen halal dan non-halal namun masih memiliki kelemahan diantaranya kesulitan mendeteksi protein yang terdenaturasi, proses analisis degan waktu yang cukup lama, membutuhkan instrumen yang sangat canggih, biaya yang tak terjangkau dan spesifitas yang rendah. Setiap gelatin memiliki aroma khas yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan komponen asam amino penyusun gelatin yang identik dengan bahan bakunya sehingga senyawa volatil berpotensi menjadi senyawa penanda pada gelatin. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan profil senyawa volatil gelatin yang terbuat dari berbagai ikan dan gelatin babi menggunakan metode ekstraksi mikro fase padat-kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa (SPME/GC-MS) dan analisis data multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode kombinasi SPME dan GC-MS terbukti dapat mengklasifikasikan gelatin sesuai dengan profil senyawa volatilnya. Senyawa penanda yang paling berpengaruh pada kelompok gelatin ikan adalah hexadecane, sedangkan pada kelompok gelatin babi adalah decane. Keduanya berasal dari golongan hidrokarbon dan belum pernah dilaporkan pada penelitian sebelumnya terkait analisis gelatin. Namun, hexadecane pernah dilaporkan sebagai senyawa volatil dengan konsentrasi tertinggi pada daging babi, sedangkan decane dilaporkan sebagai senyawa volatil yang ada pada daging ikan.
       
      Gelatin is a food additive derived mainly from animal which halal status difficult to trace because the origin of animal is not visible. Gelatin also through several processes that make components can’t be analyzed to determine gelatin’s source. Various methods have been developed in the exploration of gelatins differentiation from various sources. There are several limitations, including difficulty in detecting denaturated proteins, long time analysis process, expensive, sophisticated instruments, and low specificity. Each gelatin has a typical aroma due to differences in the amino acid components which are identical to the raw material, so that volatile compounds have the potential to be marker compounds in gelatin. This study aims to compare the profile of volatile compounds of gelatin made from various fish and pork gelatin using solid phase micro-extraction method-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and multivariate data analysis. The results showed that the SPME and GC-MS combination method was proven to be able to classify gelatin according to the profile of its volatile compounds. The most influential marker compound in the fish gelatin group was hexadecane, while in the pork gelatin group it was decane. Both are derived from the hydrocarbon group and have not been reported in previous studies related to gelatin analysis. However, hexadecane has been reported as a volatile compound with the highest concentration in pork, while decane has been reported as a volatile compound in fish meat.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107165
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      • UT - Food Science and Technology [3635]

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