Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sifat Fungsional Tepung Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens L.) Berprotein Tinggi

Abstract

One of food sources that can be potentially developed as high protein food product is mucuna bean. However, nowadays it is still under-utilized. This research aimed to determine the most appropriate process to produce ‘mucuna bean flour’ as material source of high protein flour, to find new method to increased protein content in mucuna flour using enzyme, and to studies its physicochemicals and functional properties. This research was divided into two stages: (1) preliminary research and (2) main research. At the preliminary research, the treatment design to decrease cyanide, (the natural toxin in mucuna seed) was determined using complete randomized experimental design with eight kinds of treatment to two mucuna bean varieties (white and motted). Whereas the main research was the production of high protein flour by enzymatic method with α-amylase enzyme and optimized its production process by the optimal-working-enzyme-factors-base method. After the selection of the best process, the next step was the physicochemical properties and functional quality analysis. At the preliminary research, the white mucuna bean, after going through dehulling treatment continued with 24-hour soaked water treatment, was chosen as the main research sample because it contains cyanide less than 10 ppm (CODEX standard for cyanide) and it contains the highest protein as much as 32%. Results of the main research shows that five factors (initial substrate concentration, enzyme activity, temperature, pH, and time) influenced the optimization process. Enzyme method was successfully lowered nonprotein components. So that, by calculation, protein increased by 28% from 32% to 41%. Mucuna high protein flour bulk density was 0.43 g/ml, the color was brownish white, while the water activity was 0.62. Mucuna high protein flour WAC and OAC were 1.67 ml/g and 1.83 ml/g respectively. The emulsion capacity and stability were 32% and 56%. Foam capacity and stability were 64% and 67%. The best concentration for gelling is 15% and the in vitro protein digestibility is 79%. Mucuna high protein flour has potential to be developed as ingredient for food products especially sausage, bakery and meat analog.