The Influence of Green Cincau Leaf (Premna oblingifolia Merr.) Powder on Cancer Tissue Histopatology and Expression of Proapototic and Antiapoptotic Proteins on Adenocarcinoma Mammae in C3H Mice

Abstract

Cancer is very closely associated with food consumption. Natural foods such as fruits and vegetables have been proven to have many benefit effects to body health. Bioactive compound from plants have antitumor activity. Green leaf of P.oblongifolia Merr. had been proven to have activity on tumor growth resistance in C3H mice. The purposes of this study were to know the influence of green P.oblongifolia Merr. leaf powder as anti cancer activity on C3H mice by analyzing tumor tissue histopatology, expression of JNK 1/2 and caspase-7 as proapoptosis protein and expression of ERK 1/2 and COX-2 as antiapoptosis protein. C3H mice (n=25) were devided into 5 groups. The first is a standard negatif group (A) and the second group was a positif control group (B), both were treated with standard diet containing 0% green leaf powder. Group C, D and E were given standart diet containing green leaf powder 0,88%, 1,76%, and 2,64%. The diets were given for 30 days. At 31st day the mice in groups B,C, D and E were transplanted with MMTV cancer cells. The diet was continued to 52nd day and at 53rd day all mice were terminated to obtain the cancer tissue. Parameters observed covering consumption of diet, body weight, tumor growth latent period, volume and weight of cancer tissue. Histopatology analysis was comprised of hematoxilin eosin (HE) and imunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The IHC were done using four antibodies which are anti-phospho-JNK 1/2, anti-COX-2, anticaspase-7, and anti-phospho-ERK 1/2. Delta of mice body weight before and after transplantation was not significantly different (p>0,05). Cancer latency period was not significanly different (p>0,05). Cancer volume increased significantly in positif control group (p<0,05). Cancer tissue weight of groups D and E were significantly lower compared to the other groups (p<0,05). The results showed that the mice that given green leaf powder (P. oblongifolia Merr.) exhibited less development of cancer growth mainly in groups D and E, which was supported by HE score. The HE staining showed that the cancer tissues of groups D and E have the least average differentiation and mitotic scores. In this study IHC staining for proapoptotic markers as JNK 1/2 and caspase-7 and for antiapoptotic markers as ERK 1/2 and COX-2 have not yet indicated positive expression.