Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/53143
Title: Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shrimp Culture
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Vibrio parahaemolyticus Patogenik pada Udang Tambak
Authors: Hariyadi, Ratih Dewanti
Poernomo, Achmad
Yennie, Yusma
Keywords: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
shrimp culture
tdh gene
trh gene
Issue Date: 2011
Abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a halophilic bacterium found in brackish water and is the leading cause of gastroenteritis due to seafood consumption. In Indonesia presence of this pathogen in seafood has caused several export rejection. This research aimed to identify presence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp cultured in traditional and intensive ponds. Bacterial isolation was carried out using FDA BAM (2004), phenotypic characterization was done using API 20E biochemical test kit and genetic characterization was conducted with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using a pair of specific primer for each virulent factor gene (tdh and trh genes). Biochemical identification with API 20E biochemical test showed that 16/32(50%) and 6/32 (18.8%) shrimp samples from traditional and intensive ponds contained Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Eighty one percent (13/16) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from traditional pond and 50% (3/6) of those obtained from intensive pond were pathogenic due to their possesion of tdh gene. When gen encoding trh was used as the basis for classification, 15/16 (93.8%) and 4/6 ( 66.7%) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus obtained from traditional and intensive ponds, respectively, were pathogenic . Out of the 22 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, 16 (72.7%) were pathogenic based on the possesion of gene encoding for tdh and 19 (86.4%) can be classified as pathogen based on the trh gene. Overall, pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found at a frequency of 13-15/32 (43%) of the shrimp samples from traditional pond while 3-4/32 (11%) was found in shrimps from intensive pond, respectively
Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan flora normal di lingkungan perairan payau dan salah satu spesies Vibrio spp yang bersifat patogen terhadap komoditas udang maupun pada manusia. Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan bakteri Gram negatif, bersifat halofilik dan dapat menyebabkan gastroenteritis pada manusia melalui konsumsi pangan hasil perikanan. Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas hasil perikanan yang menduduki peringkat pertama dalam pangsa ekspor produk perikanan Indonesia serta merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan revitalisasi KKP selain tuna dan rumput laut sejak 2005. Berbagai permasalahan yang terkait dengan ekspor udang mengakibatkan ditolaknya produk udang ke luar negeri dan hal ini mengakibatkan kerugian yang cukup besar bagi unit-unit pengolahan udang. Salah satu penyebab penolakan ekspor udang karena kandungan mikroba patogen seperti Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae dan Vibrio parahemolyticus. Kasus penolakan ekspor udang karena kontaminasi V. parahemolyticus pernah dilaporkan yaitu pada tahun 2005 dan 2007, sebanyak 26 ton udang beku dan 4.8 ton produk sushi ebi dari Indonesia ditolak di Uni Eropa. Kasus terakhir, berdasarkan data Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, tahun 2009 dan 2010 sebanyak 27 ton dan 13 ton ekspor ikan Indonesia ditolak oleh Cina karena terkontaminasi V. parahemolyticus. Dalam perdagangan internasional, beberapa negara seperti Uni Eropa, USA, dan Jepang menetapkan persyaratan mutu dan keamanan pangan terkait dengan V. parahaemolyticus pada produk perikanan termasuk udang baik beku maupun olahan. Indonesia juga di dalam SNI mensyaratkan V. parahaemolyticus sebagai parameter mutu pada produk perikanan.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/53143
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture Technology

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