Identification of aroma profiles two pineapple varieties and their new genotype using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry and sensory test

Abstract

Two varieties of pineapples, Mahkota Bogor, Delika Subang and their new genotype (Pasir Kuda), were freshly extracted using liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase microextraction (SPME). The aroma compounds of the three samples were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-olfactometry using nasal impact frequency (NIF) method. A total of 14 odor-active compounds were associated with the aroma of pineapple. Methyl 2-methyl butanoate and ethyl 2-methyl butanoate with very high intensity were found to be responsible for the pineapple fruity sweet odor. Other odorants including methyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate, methyl octanoate, methyl 3-(methylthio) propanoate, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)- furanone, δ-hexalactone, γ-octalactone, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone and δ-decalactone contribute to the overall aroma of pineapple. The main differences between the aroma of Mahkota Bogor, Pasir Kuda and Delika Subang could be attributed to the olfactory attributes (fruity, sweet, caramel, pineapplelike, coconut) which were perceived by most of the panelist in the Mahkota Bogor and Pasir Kuda but were not detected in the Delika Subang samples. This work is a prerequisite for effective selection of pineapple genotypes with optimal aroma profiles for high consumer acceptance.

Nanas (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) merupakan buah tropis yang berasal dari Brazil, Bolivia dan Paraguay. Nanas juga tumbuh dibeberapa negara tropis seperti Hawaii, India, Malaysia, Filipina dan Thailand. Upaya peningkatan daya saing buah nanas telah dilakukan untuk memperoleh nanas yang unggul dan disukai konsumen. Tiga nanas unggul yang telah dikembangkan oleh Pusat Kajian Buah Tropika (PKBT) Institut Pertanian Bogor yakni: Delika Subang, Mahkota Bogor, dan Pasir Kuda. Pasir Kuda merupakan nanas yang dihasilkan dari hasil persilangan Delika Subang dan Mahkota Bogor. Ketiga nanas ini memiliki prospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai komoditi ekspor. Peranan komoditas nanas pada perekonomian nasional cukup penting dan merupakan salah satu andalan ekspor. Pada tahun 2003 ekspor nanas Indonesia menduduki urutan ke-10 dunia. Namun, produksi nanas Indonesia dari tahun 1995-2000 mengalami penurunan yaitu 703.300 ton menjadi 393.299 ton. Penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya penyediaan bibit unggul dan teknik budidaya yang kurang tepat, sehingga menghasilkan mutu buah nanas yang rendah sehingga menyebabkan harganya jatuh.