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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171185| Title: | Induksi Mutasi dan Seleksi In Vitro untuk Toleransi Suhu Tinggi pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Kultivar Bio Granola |
| Other Titles: | Induced Mutation and Selection In Vitro for High Temperature Tolerance in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivar Bio Granola |
| Authors: | Maharijaya, Awang Sobir Tambunan, Ika Roostika FAUZIAH, FAUZ |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Meningkatnya kebutuhan akan kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) menuntut
upaya perluasan areal tanam. Peningkatan ketahanan terhadap faktor biotik (hama
penyakit) dan abiotik dapat menjamin keberlanjutan produksi. Namun demikian,
ekspansi ke wilayah dataran tinggi berkompetisi dengan komoditas lainnya dan
berisiko mengganggu kawasan konservasi sehingga alternatif perluasan diarahkan
ke dataran rendah yang memiliki suhu lebih tinggi. Kultivar Bio Granola diketahui
memiliki ketahanan terhadap hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora
infestans, namun adaptasinya terbatas pada lingkungan dataran tinggi. Maka dari
itu, diperlukan upaya perakitan varietas yang mampu beradaptasi terhadap cekaman
suhu tinggi. Terbatasnya sumber daya genetik kentang yang toleran terhadap suhu
tinggi, induksi mutasi menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang potensial untuk
menciptakan keragaman genetik yang diinginkan. Target akhir penelitian ini adalah
mendapatkan mutan Bio Granola heat tolerant yang mampu dibudidayakan di
dataran rendah atau menengah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui
radiosensitivitas tunas in vitro kentang Bio Granola terhadap irradiasi sinar gamma,
mengamati respon pertumbuhan, dan menganalisis perubahan morfologi dan
anatomi di bawah cekaman suhu tinggi. Percobaan ini terdiri dari tiga tahap: (1)
Induksi mutasi dengan sinar gamma (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 Gy, (2) seleksi in
vitro pada suhu 25 (kontrol), 30, dan 33°C, serta (3) seleksi in vivo mutan kentang
bio granola pada lingkungan dataran menengah. Dari riset ini diperoleh Nilai lethal
dosage 20% (LD20) pada dosis 22,61 Gy dan LD50 pada dosis 32,53 Gy dari planlet
yang relatif baru, jenis eksplan aksilar. Planlet dengan periode in vitro yang lebih
lama dibutuhkan dosis yang lebih tinggi untuk memperoleh LD20 dan LD50. Pada
suhu 25°C, terbentuk mikrotuber sebanyak lima butir per eksplan. Pada cekaman
30°C, perlakuan 40 Gy menghasilkan mikrotuber sebanyak tiga butir per eksplan.
Pada cekaman 33°C, semua plantlet gagal membentuk mikrotuber, bahkan
perlakuan 50 Gy menyebabkan tingkat kematian yang tinggi (80-100%). Perlakuan
irradiasi mengakibatkan perubahan respon pertumbuhan karakter morfologi dan
anatomi (densitas stomata, ukuran stomata, dan jumlah kloroplas). Beberapa planlet
yang menghasilkan mikrotuber di bawah cekaman suhu tinggi diduga sebagai
mutan heat tolerant. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Induksi mutasi dengan sinar
gamma yang dikombinasikan dengan seleksi in vitro dapat menapis mutan kentang
yang beradaptasi dengan suhu tinggi. Evaluasi lebih lanjut direkomendasikan
melalui pengujian lapang, yaitu di dataran menengah dan rendah. Hasil respon
pertumbuhan mutan Bio Granola heat tolerant secara in vivo menunjukkan bahwa
beberapa mutan mempertahankan performa agronomik lebih baik dibandingkan
kontrol. Karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, dan jumlah daun menunjukkan
nilai rata-rata, koefisien variasi (CV), dan nilai HTC (Heat Tolerance Coefficient)
yang stabil di suhu 30–33°C disertai potensi adaptasi tinggi di bawah suhu ekstrem. The increasing demand of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) requires efforts to expand the cultivated area. Improving resistance to biotic factors (pests and diseases) and abiotic factors can ensure the sustainability of production. However, extensification into highland areas competes with other commodities and risks disrupting conservation areas, so the alternatives are directed towards lowland areas with higher temperatures. Although it exhibits resistance to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, the adaptable variety Bio Granola remains confined to highland conditions. Therefore, some efforts need to develop cultivars capable of withstanding high-temperature stress. Due to the limited availability of genetic resources of heat-tolerant potatoes, gamma irradiation-induced mutation offers a promising strategy to generate the desired genetic variation. The final goal of this research is to obtain heat-tolerant Bio Granola mutants that can be cultivated in lowland or medium altitude areas. The objective of this study was to determine the radiosensitivity of in vitro shoots of Bio Granola to gamma ray irradiation, followed by assessments of growth responses and morphological and anatomical alterations under high-temperature stress. This study consisted of two stages: (1) Induction of mutations with gamma rays (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy), (2) in vitro selection at temperatures of 25 (control), 30, and 33°C, and (3) in vivo mutant selection of bio granola potatoes in an intermediate plateau environment. From this research, a lethal dosage value of 20% (LD20) was obtained at a dose of 22.61 Gy and LD50 at a dose of 32.53 Gy from a relatively new plantlet, a type of axillary explant. Plants with longer in vitro periods require higher doses to obtain LD20 and LD50. In vitro selection at a controlled temperature (25°C) produced up to 5 microtubers per explant. At temperature of 30°C, some plantlets from 40 Gy treatment produced 3 microtubers per explant. At temperature of 33°C, all plantlets from 50 Gy treatment failed to form microtubers, and even showed high mortality rates (80 100%). Anatomical analysis showed changes in stomata density and size, and the number of chloroplasts. The plantlets which produced microtubers under heat stress conditions are assumed to be heat tolerant. These results demonstrated that gamma ray irradiation combined with in vitro selection could screen heat tolerant potato mutants. Further confirmation needs to be conducted through field testing in the medium and low-altitude environments. The results of the growth response of heat tolerant Bio Granola mutant in vivo showed that some mutants maintained agronomic performance better than controls. The plant's height character, number of branches, and number of leaves indicate a stable average value, coefficient of variation (CV), and HTC (Heat Tolerance Coefficient) value at 30–33°C with high adaptability potential under extreme temperatures. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171185 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
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| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cover_A2503231012_de45fab64d73462ca41ba824553c8b53.pdf | Cover | 726.74 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| fulltext_A2503231012_350891f4e2044fe39cf36ad74a115734.pdf Restricted Access | Fulltext | 3.63 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
| lampiran_A2503231012_20ab8ef0f71843378ead1fffc353b12e.pdf Restricted Access | Lampiran | 1.59 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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