Valorisasi limbah cangkang rajungan untuk produksi kalsium pre-food grade melalui modifikasi teknik preparasi

Abstract

Defisiensi kalsium menunjukkan perlunya sumber kalsium berkualitas tinggi. Limbah cangkang rajungan memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber kalsium food grade, namun proses pengolahannya masih menggunakan metode konvensional dan belum mempertimbangkan aspek keamanan pangan. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi tahapan modifikasi preparasi limbah cangkang rajungan dalam memperoleh kalsium pre-food grade dengan kadar tertinggi, melalui proses yang efisien dan berpotensi mendukung pemanfaatan limbah secara berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian meliputi modifikasi tahapan preparasi (SCP, DCP, ACP, dan DMP) dengan variasi tahapan penting, yaitu sterilisasi termal bertekanan, pengeringan, dan demineralisasi menggunakan asam asetat. Efektivitas modifikasi dievaluasi berdasarkan parameter kehilangan bobot (%), kadar kalsium (%), konsumsi energi spesifik (SEC, KJ/kg), dan bioaksesibilitas in vitro (%). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sampel DMP memiliki kinerja terbaik, dengan kehilangan bobot total 49,53 %, kadar kalsium 13,71 %, SEC 44.945 KJ/kg, dan bioaksesibilitas 90,03 %, sehingga menghasilkan tepung kalsium pre-food grade berkualitas dan efisien, serta siap untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut menjadi kalsium food grade.

Calcium deficiency indicated the need for high quality calcium sources. Crab shell waste possessed great potential as a food grade calcium source. Its processing still relied on conventional methods and did not adequately consider food safety aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the modified preparation steps of crab shell waste to obtain pre-food grade calcium with the highest content through an efficient process that could support sustainable waste utilization. The research methods involved modification of preparation steps (SCP, DCP, ACP, and DMP) with variations in critical stages, namely pressurized thermal sterilization, drying, and demineralization using acetic acid. The effectiveness of the modifications was assessed based on weight loss (%), calcium content (%), specific energy consumption (SEC, KJ/kg), and in vitro bioaccessibility (%). The results showed that the DMP sample exhibited the best performance, with a total weight loss of 49.53 %, calcium content of 13.71 %, SEC of 44,945 KJ/kg, and bioaccessibility of 90.03 %, producing a high quality and efficient pre-food grade calcium powder that was ready for further development into food grade calcium.