Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Pascatumpahan Minyak di Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut

Abstract

Tumpahan minyak Karawang, Jawa Barat, Juli 2019, berdampak hingga Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut (SMPR). Studi ini menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan pascatumpahan minyak (2019–2021), kesehatan mangrove terkini (2025), serta merumuskan strategi pengelolaan hutan mangrove. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan dengan algoritma Maximum Likelihood (ML) pada citra SPOT-6/7, divalidasi dengan citra drone dan ground check, serta dilakukan uji akurasi dengan Kappa. Hasil klasifikasi mencapai tingkat kesepakatan tinggi (85,66% (2019), 81,40% (2020), 82% (2021)). Luas tutupan mangrove diperkirakan 18,80 ha (2019), meningkat ke 21,15 ha (2020), dan sedikit menurun ke 18,84 ha (2021). Klasifikasi kesehatan mangrove menunjukkan proporsi 88,84% luasan memiliki kondisi mangrove sehat dan rapat (NDVI), sedangkan proporsi MHI sebesar 76,76% menunjukkan kondisi mangrove sedang. Hasil data lapangan yang diperoleh, yakni 12 dari 13 plot MHI berkategori sedang. Keseluruhan, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa tumpahan minyak 2019 tidak mengakibatkan penurunan signifikan atau permanen pada luasan mangrove SMPR.

Karawang oil spill, West Java, July 2019 had an impact on the Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve (SMPR). This study analyses post-oil spill land cover changes (2019–2021), current mangrove health (2025), and formulates mangrove forest management strategies. Land cover classification used the ML algorithm on SPOT 6/7 imagery, validated with drone imagery and ground checks, and accuracy was tested using Kappa. The classification results achieved a high level of agreement (85,66% (2019), 81,40% (2020), 82% (2021)). The mangrove coverage area was estimated at 18,80 ha (2019), increasing to 21,15 ha (2020), and slightly decreasing to 18,84 ha (2021). Mangrove health classification shows that 88,84% of the area has healthy and dense mangroves (NDVI), while 76,76% of the MHI indicates moderate mangrove conditions. The field data obtained showed that 12 out of 13 MHI plots were classified as moderate. Overall, these findings suggest that the 2019 oil spill did not result in a significant or permanent decline in the mangrove area of SMPR.