Kajian Gen Resisten Ampisilin pada Bakteri Pencemar Air Pertanian Selada di Daerah Bogor

Abstract

Gen resistensi ampisilin muncul sebagai respon pertahanan diri dari bakteri. Bakteri pembawa gen resisten menyebar melalui air pada pertanian sayuran yang dikonsumsi tanpa pemanasan, seperti selada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri pencemar, melakukan skrining primer, dan menganalisis keberadaan gen pengode resistensi ampisilin dengan metode PCR. Metode penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahapan, yaitu penentuan lokasi sampel dari populasi pertanian di Bogor, isolasi Salmonella, dan analisis kehadiran gen pengode resisten ampisilin, yaitu blaTEM dan blaSHV. Isolasi Salmonella pada 30 sampel air pertanian menunjukkan hasil positif Salmonella terduga (63,33%; 19/30) dan Salmonella terkonfirmasi (6,67%; 2/30). Primer dalam deteksi gen mempertimbangkan %GC dan Tm untuk memastikaan kestabilan dan keefektifan amplifikasi. Gen blaTEM dan blaSHV dianalisis pada 50 isolat yang terdiri atas isolat Salmonella yang terisolasi, serta isolat Enterobacteriaceae dan E. coli sebagai pembanding. Gen blaTEM memiliki prevalensi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan blaSHV. Gen blaTEM terdeteksi pada 87,5% Enterobacteriaceae (21/24), 100% pada E. coli (4/4), 68,42% pada Salmonella terduga (13/19), 100% pada Salmonella terkonfirmasi (2/2), dan 100% pada Enterobacter aerogenes (1/1), sedangkan gen blaSHV terdeteksi pada 25% Enterobacteriaceae (6/24), 29,41% pada Salmonella terduga (5/19), dan hasil negatif untuk E. coli, Salmonella terkonfirmasi, dan Enterobacter aerogenes. Berbagai sumber air pertanian menunjukkan potensi cemaran bakteri.

Ampicillin resistance genes emerge as a self-defense response from bacteria. Bacteria carrying resistant genes spread through water in vegetable farms that are consumed without heating, such as lettuce. The objective of this study was to identify contaminating bacteria, perform primary screening, and analyze the presence of ampicillin resistance genes using the PCR method. The research method consisted of three stages: determining the sample location from the agricultural population in Bogor, isolating Salmonella, and analyzing the presence of ampicillin resistance genes, namely blaTEM and blaSHV. Salmonella isolation in 30 agricultural water samples showed positive results for suspected Salmonella (63.33%; 19/30) and confirmed Salmonella (6.67%; 2/30). Primers for gene detection considered %GC and Tm to ensure amplification stability and effectiveness. The blaTEM and blaSHV genes were analyzed in 50 isolates, including Salmonella isolates, as well as Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli isolates as controls. The blaTEM gene had a higher prevalence than the blaSHV gene. The blaTEM gene was detected in 87.5% of Enterobacteriaceae (21/24), 100% of E. coli (4/4), 68.42% of suspected Salmonella (13/19), 100% of confirmed Salmonella (2/2), and 100% in Enterobacter aerogenes (1/1), while the blaSHV gene was detected in 25% of Enterobacteriaceae (6/24), 29.41% of suspected Salmonella (5/19), and negative results for E. coli, confirmed Salmonella, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Various agricultural water sources indicate potential bacterial contamination.