Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Sistem Pengukuran Gangguan Kebauan Lingkungan

Abstract

Gangguan kebauan lingkungan menjadi salah satu dampak yang terjadi karena adanya perubahan kualitas udara. Bau dapat mengubah persepsi masyarakat terhadap kondisi lingkungan hidup. Regulasi terkait gangguan kebauan lingkungan di Indonesia adalah KepMen LH No. 50 Tahun 1996 dan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021. Pengukuran tingkat gangguan kebauan lingkungan dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode panel dengan jumlah minimal panelis sebanyak 8 orang. Informasi terkait metode panel di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas dan perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Penelitian bertujuan merancang sistem skrining panelis gangguan kebauan lingkungan. Rekrutmen panelis dilakukan terhadap 32 orang yang terdiri dari 18 perempuan dan 14 laki-laki. Jenis kelamin dan umur tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penilaian kesan bau panelis. Skrining panelis dilakukan dengan memberikan 5 stimulus bau menggunakan Olfacto-Screen sebanyak 3 kali ulangan dalam kecepatan angin 1 m/det. Konsentrasi gas bau diukur menggunakan detektor NH3 dan H2S yang terkalibrasi. Persepsi bau panelis dan konsentrasi gas bau dihubungkan dengan grafik logaritmik. Konsistensi penilaian panelis bergantung pada koefisien determinasi (R2) yang dihasilkan dari grafik logaritmik hubungan antara persepsi bau panelis dan konsentrasi gas bau. Skema kelulusan skrining panelis disusun untuk mempermudah penyelenggara dalam mengeliminasi panelis. Uji kinerja Olfacto-Screen dan sistem skrining panelis gangguan kebauan lingkungan telah dilakukan bersama PT Unilab Perdana Jakarta dan Surabaya.

Environmental odour nuisance is one of the impacts caused by changes in air quality. Odours can alter people's perceptions of environmental conditions. Regulations related to environmental odour nuisance in Indonesia are Minister of Environment Decree No. 50 of 1996 and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The level of environmental odour nuisance can be measured using a panel method with a minimum of 8 panellists. Information on panel methods in Indonesia is still minimal and needs further development. The study aims to design a panellist screening system for environmental odour disturbances. Panellists were recruited from 32 people, consisting of 18 women and 14 men. Gender and age did not significantly affect the panellists' odour perception. Panellist screening was conducted by presenting five odour stimuli using Olfacto-Screen, repeated 3 times at a wind speed of 1 m/s. Odour gas concentrations were measured using calibrated NH3 and H2S detectors. Panellists' odour perceptions and odour gas concentrations were correlated using a logarithmic graph. The consistency of panellist assessments depends on the coefficient of determination (R²) derived from the logarithmic graph of the relationship between panellist odour perception and odour gas concentration. The organisers developed a panellist screening qualification scheme to facilitate the elimination of panellists. Performance testing of the Olfacto-Screen and the environmental odour disturbance panellist screening system was conducted in collaboration with PT Unilab Perdana Jakarta and Surabaya.