Analisis Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus pada Umur Dewasa di Indonesia

Abstract

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis adanya perbedaan karakteristik sosial, ekonomi, dan demografi, frekuensi konsumsi makanan beresiko, konsumsi pangan, perilaku yang mencakup aktivitas fisik, status gizi, merokok, dan minum minuman beralkohol antara subjek yang menderita diabetes melitus dan tidak serta menganalisis perbandingan faktor resiko diabetes melitus pada umur dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan data SKI 2023 yang telah dikumpulkan oleh Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan (BKPK) yang bekerja sama dengan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan design cross sectional study. Analisis, pengolahan, dan interpretasi data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS versi 16,0. Kriteria subjek yaitu berumur dewasa mulai dari 18–60 tahun. Sebagian besar subjek yang mengalami diabetes melitus adalah perempuan berumur 45–60 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara karakteristik sosial, ekonomi, dan demografi, konsumsi pangan (kecuali daging sapi, ayam, unggas, dll (p=0,541)), makanan berisiko, dan perilaku yang mencakup aktivitas fisik, status gizi, merokok, minum minuman beralkohol dengan diabetes melitus (p<0,05). Analisis faktor resiko diabetes melitus secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa umur 46–60 tahun menyumbang odds ratio terbesar yaitu 6,42.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that caused by various factors. This study aims to analyze the differences in social, economic, and demographic characteristics, frequency of consumption of high-risk foods, food consumption, behavior that includes physical activity, nutritional status, smoking, and drinking between subjects who have diabetes mellitus and not and analyze the comparison of risk factors for diabetes mellitus in adults in Indonesia. The study used SKI 2023 data that had been collected by the Health Development Policy Agency (BKPK) in collaboration with the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) with a cross-sectional study design. Data analysis, processing, and interpretation were carried out using SPSS version 16.0. The subject criteria were adult age ranging from 18–60 years. Most of the subjects who had diabetes mellitus were women aged 45–60 years. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between social, economic, and demographic characteristics, food consumption (except beef, chicken, poultry, etc (p=0.541)), high-risk foods, and behaviors that include physical activity, nutritional status, smoking habits, and drinking habits with diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). Analysis of risk factors for diabetes mellitus as a whole showed that age 46–60 years accounted for the largest odds ratio at 6.42.