Fraksinasi Terinegrasi Cangkang Rajungan Berbasis Zero Waste untuk Peningkatan Produk Bernilai Tambah

Abstract

Ekstraksi kitin–kitosan menghadapi tantangan efisiensi akibat kompleksitas matriks biomassa, sementara pendekatan tunggal sering mengabaikan komponen bernilai tinggi dalam limbah cangkang rajungan. Penelitian ini menerapkan teknik fraksinasi terintegrasi untuk memaksimalkan nilai tambah cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dan mengevaluasi kelayakan ekonominya. Penelitian mencakup karakterisasi cangkang, fraksinasi, analisis hasil produk, serta evaluasi efisiensi proses, konsumsi energi, jejak karbon, dan nilai ekonomi. Hasil menunjukkan rendemen kitin, kitosan, glukosamin HCl, protein kasar, CaO, dan karotenoid masing-masing sebesar 27%, 8,25%, 2%, 8%, 7,88%, dan 51,88?µg/g. Derajat deasetilasi kitosan dan glukosamin mencapai 78% dan 92,8%, memenuhi standar. Efisiensi pemanfaatan bahan sebesar 39,1%. Jejak karbon total diperkirakan 20,61?kg?CO2e, dan rasio manfaat-biaya (BCR) sebesar 2,60, menunjukkan kelayakan finansial.Pendekatan ini mendukung prinsip ekonomi sirkular dan berpotensi diterapkan secara berkelanjutan pada skala industri.

The extraction of chitin–chitosan faces efficiency challenges due to the complex biomass matrix, and single-step approaches often overlook high-value components in crab shell waste. This study applied an integrated fractionation technique to maximize the added value of blue swimming crab shells (Portunus pelagicus) and assess its economic feasibility. The yields of chitin, chitosan, glucosamine HCl, crude protein, CaO, and carotenoid were 27%, 8.25%, 2%, 8%, 7.88%, and 51.88?µg/g, respectively. Chitosan and glucosamine achieved degrees of deacetylation of 78% and 92,8%, meeting standards. Material utilization efficiency was 39,1%. Total carbon footprint was estimated at 20.61?kg?CO2e, and the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) was 2.60. This integrated approach supports the circular economy and shows potential for sustainable industrial application.