Relationship between Sleep Quality, Body Mass Index, and Body Image among Indonesian Young Adult

Abstract

Issues of poor sleep quality, overweight, and body image dissatisfaction are increasingly common among young adults. This study investigated the relationship between sleep quality, body mass index (BMI) and body image in 1,052 young adults aged 18-40 years. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of 9.06 ± 2.99 indicated the majority of participants had poor sleep quality. The mean BMI of 22.08 ± 4.24 kg/m2 was normal according to WHO classification. The mean body image score was 5.29 ± 1.29, reflecting a relatively high level of body satisfaction. No significant relationship was found between sleep quality and BMI. However, sleep quality was significantly associated with body image. Participants with poor sleep quality tended to have a negative body image. In addition, BMI was also significantly associated with body image. Individuals with high BMI tend to have a negative body image. Sociodemographic factors such as age, place of residence, monthly pocket money, and frequency of exercise were positively correlated with BMI. In contrast, gender was negatively correlated, with females having a lower BMI than males. Exercise frequency was also positively associated with body image.