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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/161757| Title: | Karakteristik Bubuk Hidrolisat Kepala Udang dengan Foam-Mat Drying Menggunakan CMC |
| Other Titles: | Characteristics of Shrimp Head Hydrolysate Powder by Foam-Mat Drying Using CMC |
| Authors: | Lioe, Hanifah Nuryani Matanari, William Daud |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Indonesia sangat kaya dengan berbagai macam komoditas perikanan. Salah satu komoditas utama dan unggulan Indonesia di sektor perikanan adalah udang. Udang merupakan komoditas yang banyak digemari oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat. Udang juga banyak diolah menjadi berbagai macam olahan makanan. Umumnya udang yang dikonsumsi dan diolah adalah bagian dagingnya saja, tanpa bagian kepala. Hal ini menyebabkan kepala udang kurang termanfaatkan dengan baik dan terbuang secara percuma. Kepala udang sendiri masih mengandung banyak zat gizi terutama protein dan asam amino bebas seperti glutamat dan aspartat yang dapat memberikan rasa umami. Keberadaan asam amino bebas pemberi rasa umami ini menyebabkan kepala udang cukup potensial untuk dijadikan bahan baku bumbu penyedap rasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh konsentrasi CMC sebagai penstabil busa terhadap sifat dan karakteristik bubuk hidrolisat kepala udang peci. Proses pembuatan bubuk hidrolisat kepala udang dimulai dari pengukusan udang segar dan pengeringan dengan menggunakan fixed bed dryer sampai kepala udang mengering. Kepala udang kering selanjutnya digiling dengan bantuan herb grinder sampai terbentuk tepung kepala udang dan dihidrolisis menggunakan enzim Corolase 7089 selama enam jam di dalam shaking waterbath pada suhu 60°C. Hidrolisat kepala udang mengandung padatan sebesar 12,65% dan protein sebesar 1,21%. Kadar asam amino bebas dan asam glutamat bebas pada hidrolisat juga diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 53371,30 dan 1292,92 mg/kg hidrolisat padat. Hidrolisat kemudian dikeringkan dengan metode foam-mat-drying. Metode pengeringan ini digunakan karena cukup sederhana, mudah dilakukan, dan dapat menghasilkan bubuk dengan kualitas baik. Sebelum dikeringkan, hidrolisat kepala udang dibuat menjadi busa terlebih dahulu dengan menambahkan bubuk putih telur sebagai foaming agent sebanyak 20% b/v hidrolisat serta CMC sebagai foam stabilizer sebanyak 0,15%; 0,30%; dan 0,45% b/v hidrolisat. Busa juga dianalisis densitas dan stabilitasnya. Densitas dan stabilitas busa diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 0,1951-0,2173 g/cm3 dan 79,92-90,70%. Busa selanjutnya dikeringkan menjadi bubuk dan dianalisis kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, aw, higroskopisitas, daya ikat air, kelarutan, densitas kamba, densitas absolut, porositas, sudut repose (sifat aliran bubuk), dan warna bubuk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bubuk hidrolisat kepala udang memiliki kadar air sebesar 7,52-8,56%; kadar abu sebesar 6,21-7,23%; kadar lemak sebesar 7,00-8,13%; kadar protein sebesar 74,66-76,91%; kadar karbohidrat sebesar 0,48-3,41%; aw sebesar 0,28-0,32; higroskopisitas sebesar 16,36-19,24; daya ikat air sebesar 276,98-401,99%; kelarutan sebesar 42,54-57,34%; densitas kamba sebesar 0,3563-0,4815 g/cm3; densitas absolut sebesar 0,5973-0,6912 g/cm3; porositas sebesar 0,3033-0,4033; sudut repose sebesar 29,18-33,03°; nilai L (derajat kecerahan) sebesar 83,38-87,05; nilai a (derajat kemerahan) sebesar 2,44-3,90; nilai b (derajat kekuningan) sebesar 16,98-20,34; dan nilai hue sebesar 79,14-81,83°. Penambahan penstabil busa CMC pada berbagai konsentrasi berpengaruh secara signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap karakteristik busa dan bubuk hidrolisat kepala udang yang dihasilkan. Bubuk hidrolisat dengan karakteristik fisik terbaik adalah bubuk dengan penambahan CMC 0,45%. Penambahan CMC 0,45% menghasilkan busa dengan densitas dan stabilitas tinggi serta bubuk yang memiliki aktivitas air rendah, daya ikat air tinggi, kelarutan tinggi, densitas rendah, porositas tinggi, serta warna bubuk yang cerah dan sangat mudah mengalir. Indonesia is extremely rich in fisheries commodities. Shrimp are one of Indonesia's most important and profitable fishing products. Many people in Indonesia like to consume shrimp. Shrimp are also widely used to make a variety of processed foods. Generally, just the body of the shrimp that is consumed and processed, without the head. This results in shrimp heads being underutilized and wasted. Shrimp heads still contain many nutrients, particularly protein and free amino acids like glutamate and aspartate, which can offer umami flavor. The availability of these umami-free amino acids makes shrimp heads suitable as raw materials for flavoring seasoning. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of CMC concentration as a foam stabilizer on the qualities and characteristics of white shrimp head hydrolysate powder. The process of manufacturing shrimp head hydrolysate powder begins with steaming fresh shrimp and drying it in a fixed bed dryer until the shrimp head is dry. Herb grinder was used to crush the dried shrimp heads into shrimp head powder then hydrolyzed in a shaking waterbath at 60°C for six hours with Corolase 7089. Shrimp head hydrolysate contained 12,65% solids and 1,21% protein. The hydrolysate contained 53371,30 mg of free amino acids and 1292,92 mg of free glutamic acid per kg solid hydrolysate. The hydrolysate was subsequently dried using the foam-mat drying process. This drying method is used because it is quite simple, easy to do, and can produce good quality powder. Before drying, shrimp head hydrolysate was foamed with egg white powder at a concentration of up to 20% b/v hydrolysate and CMC at concentrations of up to 0,15%; 0,30%; and 0,45% b/v hydrolysate respectively. The foam was also analyzed for density and stability. The density and stability of the foam were found to be 0,1951-0,2173 g/cm3 and 79,92-90,70% respectively. The foam was further dried into powder and analyzed for moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, aw, hygroscopicity, water holding capacity, solubility, bulk density, absolute density, porosity, angle of repose (powder flow properties), and powder color. The results showed that shrimp head hydrolysate powder had a moisture content of 7,52-8,56%; ash content of 6,21-7,23%; fat content of 7,00-8,13%; protein content of 74,66-76,91%; carbohydrate content of 0,48-3,41%; aw of 0,28-0,32; hygroscopicity of 16,36-19,24; water holding capacity of 276,98-401,99%; solubility of 42,54-57,34%; bulk density 0,3563-0,4815 g/cm3; absolute density of 0,5973-0,6912 g/cm3; porosity of 0,3033-0,4033; angle of repose of 29,18-33,03°; L value (degree of brightness) of 83,38-87,05; a value (degree of redness) of 2,44-3,90; b value (degree of yellowness) of 16,98-20,34; and hue value of 79,14-81,83°. The addition of CMC as a foam stabilizer at different concentrations significantly affected (p<0,05) the foam and powder properties of the shrimp head hydrolysate. The hydrolysate powder with the best physical properties was the one with 0,45% CMC added. The addition of 0,45% CMC results in a foam with high density and stability, as well as a powder with low water activity, high water holding capacity, high solubility, low density, high porosity, a bright powder color, and excellent flowability. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/161757 |
| Appears in Collections: | UT - Food Science and Technology |
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| cover_F24190113_75bbaed12efe4e2bb52b494d2346fa0d.pdf | Cover | 1.1 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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