Analisis Strategi Pengembangan dan Potensi Ekonomi Pelabuhan Cirebon, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

Cirebon Port is a port that plays an important role in supporting the economy at the local and national levels. The port encourages economic growth and develops industry in the Cirebon City and hinterland areas by providing jobs and increasing revenue for the Cirebon City local government. However, the challenges faced by the Port of Cirebon are the flow of loading and unloading of goods that have not been optimized, and the port has not been integrated with the logistics system of Cirebon City and the hinterland areas. Logistics patterns in Cirebon and its surroundings still use land transportation. It needs to be studied, organized and managed to make logistics in Cirebon more efficient with alternative maritime logistics strategies. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the efficiency comparison between the Port of Cirebon and other collecting ports in Java 2) to compare the distribution pattern and logistics cost structure from the City of Cirebon to Tanjung Priok Port in Jakarta and Tanjung Mas Port in Semarang using land transportation and sea transportation and 3) to formulate a development strategy for the Port of Cirebon. The research method uses a case study method. The sampling method was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. Respondents are experts by the scope of the research, totaling 8 respondents. Research data includes primary and secondary data. The data analysis method uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), qualitative descriptive, and Analytical Hierarchy Processes (PHA). The DEA results show that the Port of Cirebon has a technical efficiency value of 34.1%, so with an output loading and unloading flow of 5,902,802 tons, it only requires inputs in the form of 2 docks, 5,838 m2 of terminal area, 313 m2 of storage area, 9,927 m2 of stacking field area and 311 meters of dock length. The recommended container distribution pattern utilizes sea transportation because it is more efficient, ± Rp 32,651,127,000 / month. Cirebon Port's development strategy weighs the highest level of importance of economic factors (0.738), followed by technical factors (0.170) and the lowest social factors (0.092). The highest weight of the technical factor is the availability of operational equipment (0.618). In economic factors, the highest weight is the availability of access (0.701). Bogot has the highest of the social factors of social relations (0.726). The priority development strategy of Cirebon Port is the development of port facilities and services with a weight of 0.715.

Pelabuhan Cirebon merupakan pelabuhan yang berperan penting dalam mendukung perekonomian di tingkat lokal maupun nasional. Pelabuhan tersebut mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mengembangankan industri wilayah Kota Cirebon dan hinterland dengan menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan serta meningkatkan pendapatan bagi pemerintah daerah Kota Cirebon. Namun tantangan yang dihadapi Pelabuhan Cirebon yaitu arus bongkar muat barang yang belum optimal dan belum terintegrasinya pelabuhan dengan sistem logistik Kota Cirebon dan wilayah hinterland. Pola logistik di Kota Cirebon dan sekitarnya masih menggunakan transportasi darat. Hal tersebut perlu dikaji, diatur dan dikelola agar logistik di Kota Cirebon lebih efisien dengan altenatif strategi logistik maritim. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu 1) menganalisis perbandingan efisiensi antara Pelabuhan Cirebon dan pelabuhan pengumpul lain di Pulau Jawa 2) membandingkan pola distribusi dan struktur biaya logistik dari Kota Cirebon menuju Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok di Jakarta dan Pelabuhan Tanjung Mas di Semarang menggunakan transportasi darat dan transportasi laut dan 3) merumuskan strategi pengembangan Pelabuhan Cirebon. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Reponden merupakan ahli yang sesuai dengan ruang lingkup penelitian berjumlah 8 responden. Data penelitian mencangkup data promer dan sekunder. Metode analisis data menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), deskriptif kualitatif dan Proses Hirarki Analitik (PHA). Hasil DEA menunjukkan Pelabuhan Cirebon nilai efisiensi teknis sebesar 34,1%, sehingga dengan output arus bongkar muat sebesar 5.902.802 ton hanya membutuhkan input berupa 2 dermaga, 5.838 m2 luas terminal area, 313 m2 luas gudang penyimpanan, 9.927 m2 luas lapangan penumpukan dan 311 meter Panjang dermaga. Pola distribusi peti kemas yang di rekomendasikan adalah memanfaatkan transportasi laut karena lebih efisien ± Rp 32.651.127.000/bulan. Strategi pengembangan Pelabuhan Cirebon bobot tingkat kepentingan tertinggi faktor ekonomi (0,738), diikuti faktor teknis (0,170) dan terendah faktor sosial (0,092). Bobot tertinggi dari faktor teknis yaitu ketersediaan alat operasional (0.618). Pada faktor ekonomi bobot tertinggi yaitu ketersediaan akses (0,701). Bogot tertinggi dari faktor sosial yaitu relasi sosial (0,726). Prioritas strategi pengembangan Pelabuhan Cirebon adalah pengembangan fasilitas dan pelayanan pelabuhan dengan bobot 0,715.