Strategi Pengembangan Tata Kelola Ekowisata di Tangkahan, Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser

Abstract

Keberadaan ekowisata Tangkahan di kawasan TNGL memiliki keunikan dan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi menjadi potensi daya tarik tersendiri. Semakin berkembang dan menariknya minat pengunjung terhadap sumber daya Tangkahan menimbulkan banyaknya aktor dan pelaku yang terlibat dalam penyelenggaraannya, sehingga menimbulkan keragaman atas penyelenggaraan kepentingan yang berbeda dengan tujuan sebenarnya dalam terbentuknya ekowisata di Tangkahan. Terjadi tumpang tindih kewenangan antara komunitas lokal, pemangku kawasan dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan kawasan yang terdiri dari institusional, sumber daya manusia, sarana/prasarana, dan masalah teknis lainnya ini disebabkan oleh belum terpetakannya stakeholders menurut kepentingannya terhadap fungsi Tangkahan dan kebutuhan serta aspirasi masingmasing stakeholders belum terakomodir dengan baik. Implementasi peranan dari masing-masing stakeholder dan dukungan kebijakan serta peraturan perundangundangan sangat diperlukan dalam pengembangan ekowisata Tangkahan oleh pemerintah dan para pihak melalui mekanisme kerja sama antar stakeholders. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi pengembangan tata kelola ekowisata Tangkahan melalui identifikasi peranan, pola hubungan dan kebutuhan stakeholders, identifikasi peraturan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan pengembangan, serta perumusan strategi pengembangan tata kelola ekowisata. Lokasi kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL). Kawasan ekowisata Tangkahan secara administratif terletak pada 2 wilayah desa, yaitu Desa Namo Sialang dan Desa Sei Serdang, Kecamatan Batang Serangan, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara. Waktu penelitian dilakukan dari September 2020 hingga Desember 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dari aspek peranan, hubungan, dan kebutuhan dilakukan dengan analisis stakeholders, sedangkan aspek kebijakan dilakukan dengan analisis Kebijakan. Tahap selanjutnya adalah analisis matriks SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pihak yang memiliki tingkat kepentingan dan pengaruh tertinggi dalam pengelolaan Ekowisata Tangkahan adalah BBTNGL, Disbupar Langkat dan LPT. Sementara pengaruh dan kepentingan terendah dimiliki oleh pihak Desa Namosialang, Desa Sei Serdang, PTPN 2 dan Tokoh masyarakat. Dimana para pemangku kepentingan tersebut mewakili dari pihak pemerintah, masyarakat, dan non-pemerintah. Perencanaan dan persiapan pengembangan Ekowisata Tangkahan menjadi bentuk pengelolaan kolaboratif Ekowisata sebagai implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan (Permenhut) No. P.19/Menhut-II/2004 tentang kolaborasi pengelolaan kawasan sumber daya alam dan kawasan pelestarian alam. Persiapan SDM dan sarana prasarana menjadi komponen utama dalam pariwisata di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser.

Existence of Tangkahan ecotourism in GLNP area has a unique and high biodiversity which is a potential attraction and uniqueness of its own. Development of ecotourism will certainly contribute to the social and economic ecology of local community. Growing and attracting visitors' interest in Tangkahan resources raises the number of actors and actors involved in its implementation. So that it creates a diversity of actors in the implementation and has different interests from the actual goal in the formation of ecotourism in Tangkahan. There is an overlapping authority between local communities, regional stakeholders and local governments in the management of the area which consists of institutional, human resources, facilities/infrastructure, and other technical problems because the stakeholders have not yet been mapped according to their interests in the Tangkahan function and the needs and aspirations of each. each stakeholder has not been accommodated properly. Likewise, the pattern of participation between stakeholders and between institutions that have been running has not been well identified so that the current participation model is often not suitable for actual needs. Implementation of the role of each stakeholder and support for policies and laws and regulations are very much needed in the development of ecotourism tangkahan. Factors to support the success of ecotourism development, among others, are largely determined by the support of the government and other parties through the mechanism of cooperation between stakeholders. This study aims to develop strategies for developing Tangkahan ecotourism governance through identifying roles, patterns of relationships and stakeholder needs, identifying laws and regulations and development policies, as well as formulating strategies for developing ecotourism governance. Location of the research activities was conducted in the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) area. Tangkahan ecotourism area is administratively located in 2 village areas, namely Namo Sialang Village and Sei Serdang Village, Batang Serangan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. Time of the research was conducted from September 2020 to December 2020. Method used in this research is from the aspect of roles, relationships, and needs carried out by stakeholder analysis, while the policy aspect is carried out by content analysis. Next stage is a SWOT matrix analysis to determine which strategy is considered the best to be implemented in ecotourism development in Tangkahan. Results showed that the parties who have the highest level of interest and influence in the management of Tangkahan Ecotourism are BBTNGL, Disbupar Langkat and LPT. While the lowest influence and interests are owned by the Namosialang Village, Sei Serdang Village, PTPN 2 and community leaders. Where the stakeholders represent the government, society, and non-government. Planning and preparation for the development of Tangkahan Ecotourism in New Normal era is a form of collaborative ecotourism management as the implementation of the Minister of Forestry Regulation (Permenhut) No. P.19/Menhut-II/2004 concerning collaborative management of natural resource areas and natural conservation areas. Preparation of human resources and infrastructure are the main components in Gunung Leuser National Park area.