Strategi Pengembangan Tata Kelola Ekowisata di Tangkahan, Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser
Date
2022-11-02Author
Lubis, Muhammad Irfan
Muntasib, Endang Koestati Sri Harini
Soekmadi, Rinekso
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Keberadaan ekowisata Tangkahan di kawasan TNGL memiliki keunikan dan
keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi menjadi potensi daya tarik tersendiri. Semakin
berkembang dan menariknya minat pengunjung terhadap sumber daya Tangkahan
menimbulkan banyaknya aktor dan pelaku yang terlibat dalam
penyelenggaraannya, sehingga menimbulkan keragaman atas penyelenggaraan
kepentingan yang berbeda dengan tujuan sebenarnya dalam terbentuknya ekowisata
di Tangkahan. Terjadi tumpang tindih kewenangan antara komunitas lokal,
pemangku kawasan dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan kawasan yang
terdiri dari institusional, sumber daya manusia, sarana/prasarana, dan masalah
teknis lainnya ini disebabkan oleh belum terpetakannya stakeholders menurut
kepentingannya terhadap fungsi Tangkahan dan kebutuhan serta aspirasi masingmasing stakeholders belum terakomodir dengan baik. Implementasi peranan dari
masing-masing stakeholder dan dukungan kebijakan serta peraturan perundangundangan sangat diperlukan dalam pengembangan ekowisata Tangkahan oleh
pemerintah dan para pihak melalui mekanisme kerja sama antar stakeholders.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi pengembangan tata kelola
ekowisata Tangkahan melalui identifikasi peranan, pola hubungan dan kebutuhan
stakeholders, identifikasi peraturan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan
pengembangan, serta perumusan strategi pengembangan tata kelola ekowisata.
Lokasi kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung
Leuser (TNGL). Kawasan ekowisata Tangkahan secara administratif terletak pada
2 wilayah desa, yaitu Desa Namo Sialang dan Desa Sei Serdang, Kecamatan Batang
Serangan, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara. Waktu penelitian dilakukan dari
September 2020 hingga Desember 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian
ini adalah dari aspek peranan, hubungan, dan kebutuhan dilakukan dengan analisis
stakeholders, sedangkan aspek kebijakan dilakukan dengan analisis Kebijakan.
Tahap selanjutnya adalah analisis matriks SWOT.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pihak yang memiliki tingkat
kepentingan dan pengaruh tertinggi dalam pengelolaan Ekowisata Tangkahan
adalah BBTNGL, Disbupar Langkat dan LPT. Sementara pengaruh dan
kepentingan terendah dimiliki oleh pihak Desa Namosialang, Desa Sei Serdang,
PTPN 2 dan Tokoh masyarakat. Dimana para pemangku kepentingan tersebut
mewakili dari pihak pemerintah, masyarakat, dan non-pemerintah. Perencanaan dan
persiapan pengembangan Ekowisata Tangkahan menjadi bentuk pengelolaan
kolaboratif Ekowisata sebagai implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan
(Permenhut) No. P.19/Menhut-II/2004 tentang kolaborasi pengelolaan kawasan
sumber daya alam dan kawasan pelestarian alam. Persiapan SDM dan sarana
prasarana menjadi komponen utama dalam pariwisata di Kawasan Taman Nasional
Gunung Leuser. Existence of Tangkahan ecotourism in GLNP area has a unique and high
biodiversity which is a potential attraction and uniqueness of its own. Development
of ecotourism will certainly contribute to the social and economic ecology of local
community. Growing and attracting visitors' interest in Tangkahan resources raises
the number of actors and actors involved in its implementation. So that it creates a
diversity of actors in the implementation and has different interests from the actual
goal in the formation of ecotourism in Tangkahan. There is an overlapping authority
between local communities, regional stakeholders and local governments in the
management of the area which consists of institutional, human resources,
facilities/infrastructure, and other technical problems because the stakeholders have
not yet been mapped according to their interests in the Tangkahan function and the
needs and aspirations of each. each stakeholder has not been accommodated
properly. Likewise, the pattern of participation between stakeholders and between
institutions that have been running has not been well identified so that the current
participation model is often not suitable for actual needs. Implementation of the role
of each stakeholder and support for policies and laws and regulations are very much
needed in the development of ecotourism tangkahan. Factors to support the success
of ecotourism development, among others, are largely determined by the support of
the government and other parties through the mechanism of cooperation between
stakeholders.
This study aims to develop strategies for developing Tangkahan ecotourism
governance through identifying roles, patterns of relationships and stakeholder
needs, identifying laws and regulations and development policies, as well as
formulating strategies for developing ecotourism governance. Location of the
research activities was conducted in the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL)
area. Tangkahan ecotourism area is administratively located in 2 village areas,
namely Namo Sialang Village and Sei Serdang Village, Batang Serangan District,
Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. Time of the research was conducted from
September 2020 to December 2020. Method used in this research is from the aspect
of roles, relationships, and needs carried out by stakeholder analysis, while the
policy aspect is carried out by content analysis. Next stage is a SWOT matrix
analysis to determine which strategy is considered the best to be implemented in
ecotourism development in Tangkahan.
Results showed that the parties who have the highest level of interest and
influence in the management of Tangkahan Ecotourism are BBTNGL, Disbupar
Langkat and LPT. While the lowest influence and interests are owned by the
Namosialang Village, Sei Serdang Village, PTPN 2 and community leaders. Where
the stakeholders represent the government, society, and non-government. Planning
and preparation for the development of Tangkahan Ecotourism in New Normal era
is a form of collaborative ecotourism management as the implementation of the
Minister of Forestry Regulation (Permenhut) No. P.19/Menhut-II/2004 concerning
collaborative management of natural resource areas and natural conservation areas.
Preparation of human resources and infrastructure are the main components in
Gunung Leuser National Park area.