Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/114008
Title: Reduksi Garam pada Makanan Siap Saji dengan Ekstrak Kepala Udang Peci (Penaeus merguiensis)
Other Titles: Salt Reduction in Ready-to-Serve Food with Peci Shrimp Head Extract (Penaeus merguiensis)
Authors: Lioe, Hanifah Nuryani
Ikhsanuddin, Muhammad Nur
Issue Date: 2022
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Resiko penyakit tidak menular seperti hipertensi dapat dihindari dengan pengurangan asupan garam pada makanan siap saji. Asupan garam dapat dikurangi dengan penambahan ekstrak kepala udang yang mengandung komponen umami. Penambahan ekstrak kepala udang dapat diaplikasikan dalam upaya reduksi garam pada makanan siap saji. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan proporsi terbaik penggunaan dari kombinasi ekstrak kepala udang dan garam NaCl untuk mereduksi penggunaan garam NaCl pada makanan siap saji. Aplikasi ekstrak kepala udang untuk mereduksi penggunaan garam NaCl pada makanan siap saji menggunakan analisis sensori metode rating intensitas rasa asin dan rasa umami menggunakan larutan standar NaCl dan monosodium glutamat untuk skor standar oleh panelis terlatih LDITP IPB. Ekstrak kepala udang diekstrak dengan metode ultrasonikasi kemudian dianalisis kadar air untuk mengetahui kadar total padatannya serta pengukuran pH pada kuah makanan siap saji. Data dari analisis sensori diolah dengan two-way ANOVA (SPSS), Independent t-test dan menghitung persentase penurunan respon rasa asin dan rasa umami masing-masing makanan siap saji. Berdasarkan hasil uji t-test, pada perlakuan penambahan ekstrak 250 mg solid/kg makanan, intensitas rasa asin sayur lodeh maupun sayur asam pada konsentrasi garam tertentu tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan, demikian pula dengan penambahan esktrak 500 mg/kg makanan. Penambahan ekstrak 250 mg solid/kg makanan, baik pada sayur lodeh maupun sayur asam, memberikan intensitas rasa asin yang lebih tinggi daripada penambahan ekstrak 500 mg/kg pada penggunaan garam yang sama. Hasil uji ANOVA juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rasa asin yang signifikan pada sampel sayur lodeh maupun sayur asam pada setiap perlakuan komposisi garam, yaitu perlakuan garam 3908.8, 3408.8, dan 2908.8 mg/kg antara kontrol dan penambahan ekstrak 250 mg/kg makanan. Perlakuan penambahan ekstrak kepala udang pada komposisi garam 3408.8 mg/kg makanan atau reduksi garam sebesar 500 mg/kg tidak berpengaruh terhadap intensitas rasa asin makanan pada komposisi garam yang normal (3908.8 mg/kg). Hal ini berbeda bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan penambahan ekstrak pada komposisi garam 2908.8 mg/kg makanan atau reduksi garam sebesar 1000 mg/kg. Dengan demikian ekstrak kepala udang dapat mereduksi garam hingga 500 mg/kg makanan. Ini juga ditunjukkan oleh nilai persentase penurunan rasa asin yang lebih rendah pada reduksi garam 500 mg/kg makanan dibandingkan reduksi garam 1000 mg/kg makanan. Formulasi pengurangan garam dan penambahan ekstrak paling baik, yaitu pengurangan garam 500 mg/kg makanan dengan penambahan ekstrak kepala udang sebesar 250 mg solid/kg makanan.
The risk of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension can be avoided by reducing salt intake in ready-to-serve food, because excessive salt consumption can increase the risk. Salt intake can be reduced by adding shrimp head extract which contains umami components which can work synergistically with salt in increasing saltiness. The addition of shrimp head extract can be applied in an effort to reduce salt in ready-to-serve foods. This study aims to find the best proportion of the use of a combination of shrimp head extract and NaCl salt to reduce the use of NaCl salt in ready-to-serve foods. The application of shrimp head extract to reduce the use of NaCl salt in ready-to-serve food uses sensory analysis of the intensity rating method using NaCl and monosodium glutamate standard solutions for standard scores by LDITP IPB trained panelists. Shrimp head extract added to ready-to-serve food was extracted by ultrasonication method and then analyzed for water content to determine the total solids content and measurement of pH in ready-to-serve food gravy. Data from sensory analysis was processed by two-way ANOVA (SPSS), Independent t-test and calculated the decrease in salty and umami taste responses of each ready-to-serve food. Based on the results of t-test, in the addition of 250 mg extract solid/kg food, the intensity of saltiness between lodeh soup dan mixed vegetable sour soup at certain NaCl use had no significant differences, so do with the addition of 500 mg extract solid/kg food. The addition of extracts at 250 mg solid/kg food, both in lodeh and vegetables sour soup, gave the higher intensity of salty taste than that at 500 mg extract solid/kg food at the same NaCl use. The results of the ANOVA test also showed there was a significant difference in the saltiness of either lodeh soup or vegetable sour soup samples in each salt composition treatment, between the extract addition at 250 mg solid/kg and control (without extract) at each salt composition of 3908.8, 3408.8, and 2908.8 mg/kg food. Different fact is found when with the addition of 500 mg extract solid/kg. The addition of shrimp head extract at the use of salt composition of 3408.8 mg/kg of food or the 500 mg/kg of food salt reduction in ready-to-serve food had no effect on the intensity of saltiness compared to that with the normal salt composition 3908.8 mg/kg of food. This showed that the use of shrimp head extract could reduce salt until 500 mg NaCl/kg food. This is confirmed by the results of the percentage of reduction in saltiness scores, 500 mg/kg food salt reduction treatment had a lower percentage than 1000 mg/kg food of salt reduction by the addition of the extract. The best formulation of reducing salt by adding extract is that with reducing salt of 500 mg NaCl/kg food by the addition of 250 mg solid extract/kg food.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/114008
Appears in Collections:UT - Food Science and Technology

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