Peningkatan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Diperkaya Mikroba

Abstract

Produktivitas padi Indonesia beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan. Pemupukan yang sesuai dengan kondisi tanah dan kebutuhan tanaman mampu meningkatkan produksi tanaman. Aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Mikroba yang hidup di perakaran tanaman atau PGPR dalam pupuk dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan hara dalam tanah dan mensintesis hormon pertumbuhan tanaman melalui aktivitas biologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya terhadap peningkatan hasil padi sawah dan pengurangan dosis pupuk anorganik. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor yaitu dosis pupuk dengan 4 ulangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Pendidikan Sawah Baru IPB. Analisis tanah dan analisis kandungan pupuk dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah, Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumber Daya Lahan, Laboratorium Pengujian Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, serta Laboratorium Tanah, Tanaman, Pupuk, Air, Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai pada November 2020 hingga April 2021. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan komponen hasil padi sawah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya secara umum tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil per tanaman maupun hasil per hektar padi sawah. Aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya dapat mengurangi 25% penggunaan pupuk anorganik dengan nilai efektivitas agronomi relatif sebesar 108,8%.

Rice productivity in Indonesia has decreased in recent years. Fertilization that is suitable for soil conditions and plant needs can increase crop yield. The application of bioorganic fertilizer would be able to increase soil fertility. Microbes that live in plant roots could increase the availability of nutrients in the soil and synthesize plant growth hormones through their biological activities. The research aims to study the effect of the application of organic fertilizer enriched with microbes on increasing growth, yield, and yield components of lowland rice and the reduction of the dose of inorganic fertilizer. The experimental design used was a randomized complete group design with one factor, namely the dose of fertilizer with 4 replications. The research was carried out at the Sawah Baru Teaching Farm, IPB. Soil analysis and analysis of fertilizer content were carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Testing Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, and the Laboratory of Soil, Plants, Fertilizer, Water, Agricultural Research and Development Center. The experiment was conducted from November 2020 until April 2021. The observations made were observations of vegetative and generative characters, as well as yields. Results shows, the application of enriched organic fertilizers did not increase growth and yield per plant or yield per hectare of lowland rice. Application of enriched organic fertilizers, however, could reduce 25% of inorganic fertilizers usage with a relative agronomic effectiveness value of 108.8%.