Peningkatan Hasil Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Diperkaya Mikroba
Abstract
Produktivitas padi Indonesia beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan.
Pemupukan yang sesuai dengan kondisi tanah dan kebutuhan tanaman mampu
meningkatkan produksi tanaman. Aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya dapat
meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Mikroba yang hidup di perakaran tanaman atau
PGPR dalam pupuk dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan hara dalam tanah dan
mensintesis hormon pertumbuhan tanaman melalui aktivitas biologisnya. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya
terhadap peningkatan hasil padi sawah dan pengurangan dosis pupuk anorganik.
Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor
yaitu dosis pupuk dengan 4 ulangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Pendidikan
Sawah Baru IPB. Analisis tanah dan analisis kandungan pupuk dilaksanakan di
Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah, Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumber
Daya Lahan, Laboratorium Pengujian Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura,
serta Laboratorium Tanah, Tanaman, Pupuk, Air, Balai Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai pada November 2020
hingga April 2021. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan
komponen hasil padi sawah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk
organik diperkaya secara umum tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil per
tanaman maupun hasil per hektar padi sawah. Aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya
dapat mengurangi 25% penggunaan pupuk anorganik dengan nilai efektivitas
agronomi relatif sebesar 108,8%. Rice productivity in Indonesia has decreased in recent years. Fertilization
that is suitable for soil conditions and plant needs can increase crop yield. The
application of bioorganic fertilizer would be able to increase soil fertility.
Microbes that live in plant roots could increase the availability of nutrients in
the soil and synthesize plant growth hormones through their biological activities.
The research aims to study the effect of the application of organic fertilizer
enriched with microbes on increasing growth, yield, and yield components of
lowland rice and the reduction of the dose of inorganic fertilizer. The
experimental design used was a randomized complete group design with one
factor, namely the dose of fertilizer with 4 replications. The research was carried
out at the Sawah Baru Teaching Farm, IPB. Soil analysis and analysis of
fertilizer content were carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil
Fertility, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Testing Laboratory of
the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, and the Laboratory of Soil,
Plants, Fertilizer, Water, Agricultural Research and Development Center. The
experiment was conducted from November 2020 until April 2021. The
observations made were observations of vegetative and generative characters,
as well as yields. Results shows, the application of enriched organic fertilizers
did not increase growth and yield per plant or yield per hectare of lowland rice.
Application of enriched organic fertilizers, however, could reduce 25% of
inorganic fertilizers usage with a relative agronomic effectiveness value of
108.8%.