Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109607
Title: Karakterisasi dan Laju Pertumbuhan Cendawan Patogen pada Jagung Pipil
Other Titles: Characterization and Growth Rate of Fungal Pathogens of Corn Kernels
Authors: Ahmad, Usman
Tondok, Efi Toding
Nofiyanti, Sri Handayani
Issue Date: Oct-2021
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Penyimpanan merupakan salah satu tahapan pascapanen yang seringkali menghadapi permasalahan, termasuk pada komoditas jagung pipil. Hal tersebut dikarenakan adanya serangan cendawan yang mampu tumbuh dan berkembang selama penyimpanan, sehingga menyebabkan penurunan mutu dan susut akibat kerusakan fisik dan biologis. Adanya aktivitas cendawan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan pengujian kesehatan jagung pipil sebagai upaya awal untuk mencegah atau meminimalkan resiko yang disebabkan oleh patogen terbawa benih. Deteksi dan identifikasi cendawan patogen terbawa benih merupakan langkah penting untuk pengendalian patogen penyebab penyakit tanaman yang efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi berbagai cendawan patogen yang menyerang jagung pipil selama penyimpanan dengan mempelajari karakteristik dan fase pertumbuhan masing-masing cendawan, serta mengetahui interaksi antara cendawan dengan biji jagung berdasarkan perbedaan letak serangan cendawan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknik Pengolahan Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian (TPPHP), Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Mikologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Institut Pertanian Bogor mulai bulan Agustus 2020 hingga Mei 2021. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jagung pipil varietas Hibrida Pioneer 21 dengan kadar air 12-14%. Jagung pipil tersebut didapatkan dari petani di Desa Tenjo, Kabupaten Bogor yang sudah disimpan selama satu bulan pada suhu ruang dengan kemasan kantong plastik polypropylene (PP). Untuk pembuatan media pertumbuhan cendawan digunakan bahan berupa kentang, dextrose, dan agar. Natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl) dengan konsentrasi 1%, akuades, dan kertas saring merupakan bahan yang digunakan pada tahap isolasi cendawan. Peralatan yang digunakan adalah mikroskop compound, autoclave, cork borer berdiameter 0.8 cm, perangkat perekam citra yang terdiri dari kamera USB yang dihubungkan ke laptop, penyangga kamera, papan sebagai tempat objek, dan lampu LED 7 watt sebanyak empat buah sebagai sumber cahaya normal. Isolasi cendawan pada jagung pipil dilakukan mengikuti standar pengujian kesehatan benih menurut International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) dengan metode blotter test yang kemudian dimurnikan pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Dari isolat murni tersebut, maka dilakukan pengamatan secara mikroskopis dan makroskopis dengan melakukan perekaman citra selama delapan hari. Perekaman citra ini dilakukan setiap dua jam sekali, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan cendawan melalui pertambahan luas koloni cendawan. Citra isolat kemudian dianalisis menggunakan komputer dengan menghitung luas area cendawan yang mewakili pertumbuhan cendawan seiring dengan waktu perekaman, sehingga dapat diketahui fase pertumbuhan masing-masing cendawan melalui perubahan laju pertumbuhannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa cendawan yang menginfeksi jagung pipil adalah Aspergillus sp 1 (34%), Aspergillus sp 2 (27%) yang dominan menyerang perikarp, Penicillium sp. (15%) yang cenderung menginfeksi tip cap, Talaromyces sp. (13%) yang tumbuh pada endosperma, dan Rhizopus sp. (11%) menginfeksi lembaga. Luas koloni terbesar berturut-turut setelah delapan hari inkubasi adalah Rhizopus sp. (63.58 cm2), diikuti oleh Aspergillus sp 1 (55.76 cm2), Aspergillus sp 2 (50.85 cm2), Talaromyces sp. (20.89 cm2), dan Penicillium sp (3.22 cm2). Setiap cendawan memiliki pertambahan luasan yang berbeda tiap harinya, sehingga fase pertumbuhan setiap cendawan tersebut mengikuti grafik sigmoid dengan waktu yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap tahapan. Fase pertumbuhan tercepat hingga mencapai keadaan stasioner dicapai oleh Rhizopus sp sedangkan Talaromyces sp dan Penicillium sp belum menunjukkan fase stasioner dalam kurun waktu delapan hari. Dengan mengetahui hal tersebut, maka dapat dijadikan referensi untuk waktu preventif yang tepat dalam penyimpanan biji jagung sebelum cendawan mampu memproduksi mikotoksin di fase stasioner dan juga dapat memanfaatkan antar cendawan sebagai agen hayati baik berupa antibiosis, kompetisi maupun parasit.
Storage is one of the post-harvest stages that often faces problems, especially in shelled corn. This is due to fungal infects that are able to grow and develop during storage, causing a decrease in quality and shrinkage due to physical and biological damage. Due to the activity of the fungus, it is necessary to test the health of corn kernels as beginning step to prevent or minimize the risk caused by seed-borne pathogens. Detection and identification of pathogenic fungi is important for effective control of plant disease-causing pathogens. The aim of this study was identifying various pathogenic fungi that infect shelled corn during storage by analyzing the characteristics and growth phases of each fungus as well as to find out the connection between fungi and corn kernels based on the different parts of kernel structure infected by the fungus. This research was carried out at the Food and Agricultural Product Processing Engineering Laboratory (TPPHP), the Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University and the Mycology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural University from August 2020 to May 2021. The material used in this study was shelled corn with a hybrid variety of Pioneer 21 in moisture content around 12-14%. The shelled corn was obtained from Tenjo Village, Bogor Regency, which was stored for a month at room temperature in polypropylene (PP) plastic bags. In addition, the preparation of fungal growth media used materials such as potato, dextrose, and agar. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with 1% concentration, distilled water, and filter paper are the materials used in the isolation stage of the fungi. The tool used is a compound microscope, autoclave, cork borer with a diameter of 0.8 cm, an image capturing device consisting of a USB camera connected to laptop, a camera stand, a board for objects, and four LED lights (7 watt) as light source. Isolation of the fungus on shelled corn was carried out based on standard testing seed health according to ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) with the blotter test method which was then purified on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. From these pure isolates, microscopic and macroscopic observations were done by capturing images for eight days every two hours. This capturing aims to obtain the growth of the fungus through the area of the fungus colony. The image of the isolate was then analyzed using a computer by calculating the area of the fungus that represents the growth of fungus and the recording time simultaneously, so that the growth phase of each fungus can be known through its growth rate. The results revealed that some of the fungi that infect shelled corn were Aspergillus sp 1 (34%), Aspergillus sp 2 (27%) which was dominant in pericarp, Penicillium sp. (15%) which tend to infect tip cap, Talaromyces sp. (13%) growing on the endosperm, and Rhizopus sp. (11%) infected germ. The largest colony area after eight days of incubation was Rhizopus sp. (63.58 cm2), followed by Aspergillus sp 1 (55.76 cm2), Aspergillus sp 2 (50.85 cm2), Talaromyces sp. (20.89 cm2), and Penicillium sp. (3.22 cm2). Each fungus has a different area increase every day, so the growth phase of fungi pursue a sigmoid graph with different times for each stage. The fastest growth phase until it reached a stationary state was Rhizopus sp., while Talaromyces sp. and Penicillium sp. did not show a stationary phase within eight days. Based on that, it can be used as a reference for preventing the right time in storing shelled corn before the fungi are able to produce mycotoxins in the stationary phase and can also take advantage of fungi as biological control agents in the form of antibiosis, competition, and hyperparasites.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109607
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture Technology

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
Cover.pdf
  Restricted Access
Cover630.89 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
watermark Thesis_Sri Handayani Nofiyanti_F152190188_Last revised-signed.pdf
  Restricted Access
Fullteks936.52 kBAdobe PDFView/Open
Lampiran.pdf
  Restricted Access
Lampiran735.58 kBAdobe PDFView/Open


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.